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What is the difference btwn aliens and immigrants?
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1st amendment
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Civics unit 4 test

QuestionAnswer
What is the difference btwn aliens and immigrants? An immigrant is someone who is here to stay while an alien is someone with or without citizenship who is visiting
1st amendment freedom of speech, religion, of the press, to peacefully assemble
2nd right to bear arms
3rd no forced quartering of soldiers
4th no searches and seizures w/o warrant
5th no double jeopardy, no self incrimination, land can be used for public use if paid a fair price
6th trial by an impartial jury of your peers, right to speedy and open door trial
7th right to a trial by jury when suing above $20
8th no cruel and unusual punishments
9th rights not stated in the Const
10th state can establish laws that aren't a federal govt law (i.e. abortion)
11th state cannot be sued by foreigners or citizens of another state
12th Pres and VP have separate ballots in electoral college
13th abolished slavery
14th made everyone citizens
15th gave freed slaves the right to vote
16th income tax
17th senators elected by the people
18th prohibited alcohol
19th women can vote
20th inauguration moved to Jan. VP elect becomes Pres if something happens to Pre elect
21st repealed 18th
22nd limit to 2 terms
23rd dc can vote
24th no poll taxes
25th established succession
26th 18 yr olds vote
27th Cong pay raise doesn't go into effect until next term
Marbury v. Madison (1803) est judicial review
McCullouch v. Maryland (1819) Supremacy Clause
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) fed govt controls interstate trade
Korematsu v. US (1944) in a time of war, pres can issue executive order to maintain national security
De jure segregation segregation by the law
De facto segregation people segregate themselves
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) separate but equal is okay
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) separate but equal is not okay; integrated schools as quickly as possible
Heart of Atlanta v. US (1964) public places could not choose who to serve; they serve everyone
Swann v. Charlotte - Mecklenburg BOE (1969) busing can be used to integrate schools
Affirmative Action minorities are given special consideration and/or actively recruited for jobs, admittance to universities, etc.
Regents of UC v. Bakke (1978) state supported school could use race as a basis for admission though quotas are illegal
Furman v. Georgia (1972) Death penalty is unconstitutional
Gregg v. Georgia (1976) Death penalty is fine as long as it's applied fairly
Mapp v. Ohio (1966) police are not allowed to use illegally obtained evidence in a trial
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) right to an attorney even if you don't have the money for one
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) est Miranda rule/warning
Engel v. Vitale (1962) no prayer in public school
NJ v. TLO (1985) schools can check lockers randomly or with "reasonable suspicion"
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) the wearing of armbands are protected as symbolic speech
Bethel School DIstrict v. Fraser (1986) schools can set limits on language and expression if they can prove that the actions are distracting
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) school administration may place restrictions on a school newspaper and may censor it
Schenck v. US (1919) govt can limit speech in a time of war if it is a "clear and present danger"
Texas v. Johnson (1989) you can burn in protest as a symbolic speech and cannot be outlawed
State (NC) v. Mann (1830) NCSC ruled slave-owners cannot be punished for destroying their own property
The Leandro Case v. State (1997) reinforced that NC govt is obligated to live up to the guidelines of the Const
Who is a born citizen? someone who has both or one parent as a citizen, native american, born on a military base, born in any of the 50 states or DC or American territory
Costs of Jury Duty? time away from family, job, expense of it, time
Melting Pot Theory means to assimilate - to blend together to become one
Characteristics of effective citizenship? voting, patriotism, volunteerism, responsible behavior, paying taxes, respecting the rights of others, community spirit, voluntary compliance
benefits of political and economic freedom? get to choose, have a voice, allowed to live wherever you want, opportunity to pursue success, may set own goals, us govt doesn't have limit in choices, benefits other countries don't have, make own political choices
consequences of political and economic freedom? no help in loss in stock market, willing to compromise, personal responsibilities, must face justice for doing something wrong
ways to amend the US Const? Initiated by Congress - both houses of Cong pass proposed amend then goes to state; 3/4 of states approve becomes part of Const Constitutional Convention - occurs when 2/3 states call for special mtg to consider proposed amend; 3/4 states approve
judicial review? judicial branch has authority to rule things unconstitutional
affirmative action? policy designed to help minorities who traditionally been discriminated against
causes of the 26th amend? "old enough to fight, old enough to vote"
Steps in the Naturalization process 1 - sign a statement on (US CIS) 2 - live in US at least 3 months in state you want to live in, file an app for citizenship (18 yrs old) 3 - interview w/ CIS
Steps in the naturalization process (cont.) 4 - citizenship exam (CIS decision) 5 - ceremony (oath of allegiance) 6 - sign doc (your child under 18 becomes cit.)
Created by: _xokayleighxo_
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