Test 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Define Cellular Respiration | Actual use of Oxygen by the cells through the process of metabolism
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| Define Diffusion | All gas exchange is done through diffusion (external respiration through diffusion & respiratory membrane)
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| Define Internal respiration | Exchange of gas between the "cells" of the body & into the blood - exchange of gases between body cells & tissues
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| Define External Respiration | Exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and blood in the lungs
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| Define Tidal Volume | Volume of air exchanged during *quite* breathing, 1 inspiration immediately followed by 1 expiration - normal respiration & amount of breathing were doing when breathing normal
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| Define Residual Volume | Volume of air remaining in lungs after forceful expiration - cant be expelled from lungs
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| Define Expiratory Reserve Volume | Maximum volume of air forcefully exhaled aftera a tidal expiration or normal expiration
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| Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume | Forcefully inhaled after a tidal (normal) inspiration - deep breath
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| Define Pulmonary ventilation/breathing | Movement of air into and out of the lungs that makes gas exchange or respiration possible
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| The exchange of gas that occurs between blood in tissue capillaries and the body cells is internal or external respiration? | Internal
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| The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in the lungs and blood in the lungs is called _________ respiration? | External
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| What are the components of the upper respiratory tract? (order)(4) | Nose, pharynx, larynx, part of trachea
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| What are the components of the lower tracts? (order)(3) | Part of trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
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| Which component of the respiratory tract is part of both the upper and lower tracts? | Trachea
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| What are the air-filled cavities in the bones surrounding the nasal cavity? | Para nasal sinuses
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| Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is bound to hemoglobin (T/F) | True
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| An acute inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and bronchi become plugged with thick fluid is called? | Pneumonia
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| This may result from the progression of chronic bronchitis or other conditions as air comes trapped within alveoli, causing them to enlarge and eventually rupture. | Emphysema
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| What is an obstruction disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchial air passages? | Asthma
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| What is the function of the nasal epithelium? | Warms air & traps junk in the air we dont want
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| The passage way that serves both the respiratory and digestive systems is the? | Pharynx
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| What is the cartilaginous flap that prevents food from from entering the larynx? | Epiglottis
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| The trachea branches to form 2 air passages called the? | Primary bronchi (left to right)
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| What are the primary breathing muscles? (2) | External inter-coastal & diaphargm
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| Define Atelecasis | Incomplete expansion or collapse of lungs
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| Define Respiration | Exchange of gases or the exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide & its environment - atmospheric air into the lungs & then from the lungs into body cells & tissues
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| List & describe the 3 pressures important in breathing | Atmospheric pressure, intra-alveolar/intra-pulmonary, intreapleural
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| Define intra-alveolar/intra-pulmonary | Air pressure w/in lungs & alveoli
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| Define atmospheric pressure | Pressure of air outside of the body
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| Define intrapleural pressure | Pressure w/in the pleural cavity - negative pressure - prevents lungs from collapsing
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| What are the muscles of expiration? | Internal inner coastal
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| The collapse of the alveoli following expiration is prevented by what substance in the alveoli? | Surfactant
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| Define breathing cycle | One inspiration followed by one expiration
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| Breathing is controlled by the respiratory center that is located where? | Medulla oblongata
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| The process of gas exchange in the lungs and body tissues occurs by what process? | Respirations
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| The medulla oblongata contains the "respiratory center". Its composed of what 2 components? Describe their functions | Medulla Oblongata & Pons; Medulla oblongata controls rhythmic nature of breathing; Pons coordinates the actions of the MO to produce smooth-inspiration & smooth expirations-controls regulate rate & depth of breathing
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| What factors influence breathing? | Direct & indirect
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| The respiratory center is NOT sensitive to a DECLINE in the oxygen concentration in the blood. T/F | True
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| An increase in body temperature has what effect on the breathing rate? | It increases
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| Oxygen is primarily transported as __________ in RBC's | Oxyhemoglobin
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| Carbon dioxide is primarily transported as ____________ in the blood | bicarbonate ions
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| Would a pulmonary embolism, respiratory distress syndrome and emphysema decrease gas exchange in the lungs? | Yes - theres no gase exchange present - all in different ways
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| The chemoreceptors in the respiratory center are sensitive to changes in the concentrations of what substances 2 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid? | Carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions
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| A reduced rate and depth of ventilation causes and leads to carbon dioxide retention resulting in an acid-base imbalance known as | hypoventilation/respiratory acidosis
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| An increased rate and depth of ventilation causes_______ and leads to the elimination of carbon dioxide. This acid-base imbalance is known as? | Hyperventilation & respiratory alkalosis
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| Define eupnea | Relaxed/quite breathing
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| Define hyperventilation | Rapid/deep respiratory alkalosis
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| Define hypoventilation | Slow/shallow respiratory acidosis
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| Define dyspnea | Difficulty breathing
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| Define orthopnea | Labored breathing when lying flat, thats relieved when sitting up
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| Define apnea | Absence of breathing
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| Define Cheyne-Stokes respirations | Alternating cycles of apnea/tachypnea
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| Define respiratory arrest | Failure to resume breathing
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| Define Kussmaul respirations | Deep & labored breathing
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| Define asthma | Wheezing & dyspnea causes allergies & hypersensitivity to pathogens infecting bronchial tree
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| Define acute/chronic bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchiles; acute - viral/bacterial; chronic - asthmatics/smokers
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| Define common cold | Viral infection causes excess mucus, sneezing & congestion
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| Define emphysema | D/T long term smoking - effects alveoli rupture, musuc production & impaired gas exchange - form of COPD
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| Define larygnitis | Inflammation of the larygnx
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| Define pleurisy | Inflammation of the parital pleura - lines thoracic cavity & mediastinum
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| Define pneumonia | Acute inflammation of alveoli D/T virus or bacteria, reduce gas exchange space, resulting in low blood oxygen levels
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| Define rhinitis | Inflammation of mucus membranes in nasal cavity
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| Define sinusitis | Inflammation of the sinuses
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| Define tuberculosis | Inflammation caused by bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| Define lung cancer | D/T long term exposure to irritants, metastasizes rapidly & spreads quickly
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| Define pulmonary edema | Fluid in lungs - excess fluid passing from blood into alveoli
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| Respiratory distress syndrome | Disease of newborn infants, usually born prematurely, D/T insufficient surfactant production in alveoli - collapse
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