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A&P Respiratory
Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Cellular Respiration | Actual use of Oxygen by the cells through the process of metabolism |
| Define Diffusion | All gas exchange is done through diffusion (external respiration through diffusion & respiratory membrane) |
| Define Internal respiration | Exchange of gas between the "cells" of the body & into the blood - exchange of gases between body cells & tissues |
| Define External Respiration | Exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and blood in the lungs |
| Define Tidal Volume | Volume of air exchanged during *quite* breathing, 1 inspiration immediately followed by 1 expiration - normal respiration & amount of breathing were doing when breathing normal |
| Define Residual Volume | Volume of air remaining in lungs after forceful expiration - cant be expelled from lungs |
| Define Expiratory Reserve Volume | Maximum volume of air forcefully exhaled aftera a tidal expiration or normal expiration |
| Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume | Forcefully inhaled after a tidal (normal) inspiration - deep breath |
| Define Pulmonary ventilation/breathing | Movement of air into and out of the lungs that makes gas exchange or respiration possible |
| The exchange of gas that occurs between blood in tissue capillaries and the body cells is internal or external respiration? | Internal |
| The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in the lungs and blood in the lungs is called _________ respiration? | External |
| What are the components of the upper respiratory tract? (order)(4) | Nose, pharynx, larynx, part of trachea |
| What are the components of the lower tracts? (order)(3) | Part of trachea, bronchial tree, lungs |
| Which component of the respiratory tract is part of both the upper and lower tracts? | Trachea |
| What are the air-filled cavities in the bones surrounding the nasal cavity? | Para nasal sinuses |
| Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is bound to hemoglobin (T/F) | True |
| An acute inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and bronchi become plugged with thick fluid is called? | Pneumonia |
| This may result from the progression of chronic bronchitis or other conditions as air comes trapped within alveoli, causing them to enlarge and eventually rupture. | Emphysema |
| What is an obstruction disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchial air passages? | Asthma |
| What is the function of the nasal epithelium? | Warms air & traps junk in the air we dont want |
| The passage way that serves both the respiratory and digestive systems is the? | Pharynx |
| What is the cartilaginous flap that prevents food from from entering the larynx? | Epiglottis |
| The trachea branches to form 2 air passages called the? | Primary bronchi (left to right) |
| What are the primary breathing muscles? (2) | External inter-coastal & diaphargm |
| Define Atelecasis | Incomplete expansion or collapse of lungs |
| Define Respiration | Exchange of gases or the exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide & its environment - atmospheric air into the lungs & then from the lungs into body cells & tissues |
| List & describe the 3 pressures important in breathing | Atmospheric pressure, intra-alveolar/intra-pulmonary, intreapleural |
| Define intra-alveolar/intra-pulmonary | Air pressure w/in lungs & alveoli |
| Define atmospheric pressure | Pressure of air outside of the body |
| Define intrapleural pressure | Pressure w/in the pleural cavity - negative pressure - prevents lungs from collapsing |
| What are the muscles of expiration? | Internal inner coastal |
| The collapse of the alveoli following expiration is prevented by what substance in the alveoli? | Surfactant |
| Define breathing cycle | One inspiration followed by one expiration |
| Breathing is controlled by the respiratory center that is located where? | Medulla oblongata |
| The process of gas exchange in the lungs and body tissues occurs by what process? | Respirations |
| The medulla oblongata contains the "respiratory center". Its composed of what 2 components? Describe their functions | Medulla Oblongata & Pons; Medulla oblongata controls rhythmic nature of breathing; Pons coordinates the actions of the MO to produce smooth-inspiration & smooth expirations-controls regulate rate & depth of breathing |
| What factors influence breathing? | Direct & indirect |
| The respiratory center is NOT sensitive to a DECLINE in the oxygen concentration in the blood. T/F | True |
| An increase in body temperature has what effect on the breathing rate? | It increases |
| Oxygen is primarily transported as __________ in RBC's | Oxyhemoglobin |
| Carbon dioxide is primarily transported as ____________ in the blood | bicarbonate ions |
| Would a pulmonary embolism, respiratory distress syndrome and emphysema decrease gas exchange in the lungs? | Yes - theres no gase exchange present - all in different ways |
| The chemoreceptors in the respiratory center are sensitive to changes in the concentrations of what substances 2 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid? | Carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions |
| A reduced rate and depth of ventilation causes and leads to carbon dioxide retention resulting in an acid-base imbalance known as | hypoventilation/respiratory acidosis |
| An increased rate and depth of ventilation causes_______ and leads to the elimination of carbon dioxide. This acid-base imbalance is known as? | Hyperventilation & respiratory alkalosis |
| Define eupnea | Relaxed/quite breathing |
| Define hyperventilation | Rapid/deep respiratory alkalosis |
| Define hypoventilation | Slow/shallow respiratory acidosis |
| Define dyspnea | Difficulty breathing |
| Define orthopnea | Labored breathing when lying flat, thats relieved when sitting up |
| Define apnea | Absence of breathing |
| Define Cheyne-Stokes respirations | Alternating cycles of apnea/tachypnea |
| Define respiratory arrest | Failure to resume breathing |
| Define Kussmaul respirations | Deep & labored breathing |
| Define asthma | Wheezing & dyspnea causes allergies & hypersensitivity to pathogens infecting bronchial tree |
| Define acute/chronic bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchiles; acute - viral/bacterial; chronic - asthmatics/smokers |
| Define common cold | Viral infection causes excess mucus, sneezing & congestion |
| Define emphysema | D/T long term smoking - effects alveoli rupture, musuc production & impaired gas exchange - form of COPD |
| Define larygnitis | Inflammation of the larygnx |
| Define pleurisy | Inflammation of the parital pleura - lines thoracic cavity & mediastinum |
| Define pneumonia | Acute inflammation of alveoli D/T virus or bacteria, reduce gas exchange space, resulting in low blood oxygen levels |
| Define rhinitis | Inflammation of mucus membranes in nasal cavity |
| Define sinusitis | Inflammation of the sinuses |
| Define tuberculosis | Inflammation caused by bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Define lung cancer | D/T long term exposure to irritants, metastasizes rapidly & spreads quickly |
| Define pulmonary edema | Fluid in lungs - excess fluid passing from blood into alveoli |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | Disease of newborn infants, usually born prematurely, D/T insufficient surfactant production in alveoli - collapse |
Created by:
breinard
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