Anatomy Lab Quiz 3
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Regardless of the type of cartilage they are made of, skeletal cartilages do not contain ____ or ____. But, they are surrounded by a connective tissue layer called ____ which contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery | nerves, bloodwork, perichondrium
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The cells that ____ the extracellular matrix of cartilage are called ____. When they mature they turn into _____ and then they are found in a special area called ____. | produce, chondroblasts, chondrocytes, lacunae
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____ cartilage, the most abundant type, is designed to absorb ____. Although it does contain ___ fibers, they are not visible and the cartilage is ____. | Hyaline, compression/pressure, collagen, visible, transparent
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___ cartilage contains plenty of ___ fibers, which gives it great flexibility, but allows it to get back to its original shape after being deformed. | Elastic, elastic
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_____ has lots of ____ fibers, giving it __ or __ strength in addition to the ability to absorb _____ just like hyaline cartilage | fibrocartilage, collagen, tensile, stretch, compression/pressure
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Cartilage can grow by adding additional matrix to the outside of already existing cartilage. This process is called ___ growth. In ___ growth the ____ divide, secrete more matrix and lead to a growth from within | appositional, interstitial, chondrocytes
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Where HYALINE cartilage would be found | -Embryonic skeleton
-Costal cartilage
-trachea
-nose
-ends of long bones/ articular cartilage
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Where ELASTIC cartilage would be found | -external ear
-epiglottis
-auditory tube
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Where FIBROCARTILAGE would be found | -Intervertebral disks
-Menisci of the knee joint
-pubic symphysis
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6 Major Functions of Bones | 1) Support 2) Movement 3) Blood Cell Protection
4)Protection 5) Mineral and Growth factor storages 6)Fat Storage
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Bones that are longer than they are wide | long bones (humerus, femur, fingers)
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Bones that are cube shaped, equal length and width | short bones (wrist, ankle) fewer and mostly spongy
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Outer membrane of bone | periosteum
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collagen fibers ataching periosteum to bone | Sharpey's fibers
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Lining of the medullary/ marrow cavity | Endosteum
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means bone destroying, dissolving | osteoclast
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name for bone stem cell | osteogenic
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Bone tissue is the only tissue with ___ and ___ components. The ___ part is made up of 4 cells | organic, inorganic, organic
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4 Organic Bone Cells | Osteocytes, Osteogenic, Osteoclast, plus organic bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts
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___ is secreted by osteoblasts in the form of an organic bone matrix | osteoid
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This so called ____ consists of ___ and ___ fibers that provide strength and flexibility | osteoid, ground substance, collagen
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This so called osteoid consists of ground substance and collagen fibers that provide ___ and ___ | strength, flexibility
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The ____ part forms approximately ___% of our bone mass. The ____ salts give bone tissue its ___ and the ability to withstand ____. They are mainly ___ crystals. | inorganic, 65%, mineral, hardness, compression, calcium-phosphate
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____ hormone is the most important hormone for bone growth and remodeling. Lack during ____ leads to ____, too much hormone to ____. | growth, childhood, dwarfism, gigantism
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A low blood calcium level (_____) is more dangerous than an elevated level (_____). Therefore, ___, which is released by the ____ in response to low CA2+ levels, is the more important hormone. | hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, PTH, parathyroid gland
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Once PTH is released it stimulates ____ to break down bone tissue and release CA2+ into the blood. ___ will be released by thyroid once Ca2+ levels increase above normal. It activates ____, which take CA2+ out of blood and deposit it as new matrix in bone | osteoclast, calcitonin, thyroid, osteoblast
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Mineral salts give bone tissue its ____ and the ability to withstand ___. A lack of calcium salts leads to softening of the bones, which can bend under the weight of the body. The medical term for bone softening is ___. | hardness, compression/pressure, osteomalacia
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If the cause of osteomalacia is a lack of vitamin D and/or calcium during childhood, the disease is called ____ | rickets
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Axial skeleton also called ___ and is composed of these: | long axis of body; skull, thoracic cage, and vertebral column
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The jagged lines that connect the frontal, occipital, and temporal bones of the cranial vault are called ____ | sutures
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4 Types of Sutures: Connects parietal bones and frontal bone | "Coronal"
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4 Types of Sutures: Connects parietal bones and occipital bone | "Lambdoid" or lambdoidal
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4 Types of Sutures: Connects parietal and temporal bones on each side of the skull | Squamosal
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4 Types of Sutures: Suture between right and left parietal bone | Sagittal
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Only bone in the body not connected directly with any other bone. | Hyroid bone ( U shaped, doesnt articulate with any other bone)
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Growth that widens and shapes bones | appositional growth
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