Anatomical Terms
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| Superior | vertical position of a structure. Above something else.
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| Inferior | below something else.vertical
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| Anterior | Front-to-back, toward the front
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| Posterior | Front-to-back, toward the back
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| Medial | Midline of the body. Toward the midline of body
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| Lateral | Midline of the body. Away from midline of body
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| Proximal | Something attaches to body.
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| Distal | Something attaches to body. Further away from attachment point
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| Cranial | Relative to the head and tail, usually four-legged animals. toward the head
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| caudal | relative to the head and tail, usually four-legged animals. toward the rear.
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| Ventral | assumes an organism is walking on all fours, refers to lower structure. ex. underside of dog
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| Dorsal | assumes an organism is walking on all fours, refers to upper structure. ex. dorsal fin on a shark or top of foot is dorsal to bottom of feet.
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| External | outer. ex. cranial vault covering brain
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| internal | inside.
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| endocranial | inner surface of cranial vault
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| ectocranial | outer surface of cranial vault
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| superficial | close to surgace
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| deep | far from surface
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| subcutaneous | below the skin
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| crest | prominent, usually sharp and thin ridge of bone: often formed between adjacent muscle masses
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| ridge | linear bony elevation, often roughened.
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| line | raised linear surface, not as thick as a torus or as sharp as a crest
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| Hamulus | hook-shaped projection
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| Facet | small articular surface
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| process bony pro |
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