SPC APII Lect BVs & Hemodynamics
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| Name the 3 tunics/layers of the blood vessels | Tunica Externa, Tunica Media, Tunica Interna
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| What is the location, make-up, & function of the Tunica Externa? | Outer, collagen & elastic tissue, anchors - keeps BVs in place.
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| What is the location, make-up, & function of the Tunica Media? | Middle, smooth muscle, contracts - vasodilation & vasoconstriction.
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| What is the location, make-up, & function of the Tunica Interna? | Inner, endothelial & elastic tissue, diffuses
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| List the BVs in order of their size | Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins
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| What is the size & function of Arteries? | Large-medium-small; take blood away from heart
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| What is the size & function of Arterioles? | Small-microscopic; take blood away from heart - change blood flow by vaso-CONSTRICT/DILATE
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| What is the size & function of Capillaries? | Microscopic; gas exchange (O2/CO2) - nutrient/waste exchange
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| What is the size & function of Venules? | Microscopic-small; return blood toward heart
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| What is the size & function of Veins? | Small-medium-large; return blood toward heart (reservoirs: approx. 60% vol. contained)
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| What is blood pressure? | The pressure exerted by blood on BV walls
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| What factors contribute to blood pressure? | Cardiac output, blood volume, vascular resistance
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| What is vascular resistance? | Opposition to blood flow
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| What factors contribute to vascular resistance? | Blood viscosity, BV length, BV diameter
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| What is vasoconstriction? | Contributes to resistance
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| What brain structure regulates vasoconstriction? | Medulla Oblongata
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| What is capillary exchange? | Movement of substances (gasses, nutrients, etc) between blood & tissue
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| What basic mechanisms are included in capillary exchange? | Diffusion, vesicular transport, bulk flow
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| What is venous return? | Volume of blood returning to the heart from systemic veins
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| What is the primary mechanism of venous return? | Pressure difference from venules to R Atrium (15/0mmHg)
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| What are two other mechanisms of venous return? | Skeletal muscle pumping(contract lower extremities), respiratory pump(diaphragm movement)
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| Where is the central vascular center (CVS) located? | Medulla Oblongata
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| Define fetal circulation? | Circulatory system of a fetus, exists ONLY in the fetus & contains special structures that allow the developing fetus to exchange matl's(gas, nutrients, wastes) w/ mom's blood
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| What is the difference between the placenta & the umbilical cord? | Placenta: exchange thru this indirect connection w/mom, NO direct mixing of mat'l & fetal blood, all exchgs occur by diffusion thru capillary veins; Umbilical: pathway between placenta & fetus,2 arteries carry blood away, 1 vein carries blood to fetus.
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| What are the 3 fetal bypasses? | Ductous venosus, formen ovale, ductous arteriosus
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| Explain Ductous Venosus | Branch of umbilical vein, bypasses liver; mom's liver is doing most of that work; dumps blood into IVC, mixes O2 & deO2
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| Explain Foramen Ovale | Opening between R&L Atria; allowing blood to flow from R Atrium to L Atrium; bypassing the lungs; no O2/deO2 exchange there
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| Explain Ductous Arteriosus | Shunt btwn pulmonary trunk & aorta; allows blood to flow from Pulm trunk to aorta; bypassing the lungs; no O2/deO2 exchange ther
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| What does the Ductous Arteriosus become after birth & where is it located? | Ligamentum Arteriousum; from the descending aorta to the pulmonary trunk
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