A&P
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| plasma membrane | -forms the cell's flexible outer surface
-separating the cell's internal environment (everything inside the cell) from the external environment (everything outside the cell)
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| what does the plasma membrane do | -regulates the flow of materials into and out of a cell to help establish and maintain the appropriate environment for normal cellular activities
- plays a key role in communication among cells and between cells and their external environment
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| cytoplasm | - consists of all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
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| The cytoplasm consists of | cytosol and organelles
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| Cytosol | the fluid portion of cytoplasm, contains water, dissolved solutes, and suspended particles
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| cytosol is also called | intracellular fluid
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| Within the cytosol are several different types of | organelles
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| nucleus | is a large organelle that houses most of a cell's DNA
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| chromosome | a single molecule of DNA associated with several proteins
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| genes | hereditary units that control most aspects of cellular structure and function.
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| nucleus contains what | chromatin, nuclear envelope, and nucleolus
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| The basic structural framework of the plasma membrane is the | lipid bilayer
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| lipid bilayer | two back-to-back layers made up of three types of lipid molecules—primarily phospholipids with smaller amounts of cholesterol and glycolipids
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| three types of lipid molecules within the lipid bilayer | primarily phospholipids with smaller amounts of cholesterol and glycolipids
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| The bilayer arrangement occurs because | the lipids have both polar and nonpolar parts
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| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus
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| The “head” of each phospholipid is | polar and hydrophilic
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| hydrophilic | -hydro- = water
-philic = loving
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| the “tails” of the phospholipid are | The two fatty acid nonpolar and hydrophobic (-phobic = fearing)
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| hydrophobic | -hydro- = water
-phobic = fearing
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| Cholesterol molecules are | -found in both layers of the plasma membrane
- are steroids with an attached ─OH (hydroxyl) group
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| Glycolipids are | -lipids with attached carbohydrate groups that form a polar “head”
-their fatty acid “tails” are nonpolar.
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Created by:
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