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Chapt 3
A&P
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | -forms the cell's flexible outer surface -separating the cell's internal environment (everything inside the cell) from the external environment (everything outside the cell) |
| what does the plasma membrane do | -regulates the flow of materials into and out of a cell to help establish and maintain the appropriate environment for normal cellular activities - plays a key role in communication among cells and between cells and their external environment |
| cytoplasm | - consists of all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus |
| The cytoplasm consists of | cytosol and organelles |
| Cytosol | the fluid portion of cytoplasm, contains water, dissolved solutes, and suspended particles |
| cytosol is also called | intracellular fluid |
| Within the cytosol are several different types of | organelles |
| nucleus | is a large organelle that houses most of a cell's DNA |
| chromosome | a single molecule of DNA associated with several proteins |
| genes | hereditary units that control most aspects of cellular structure and function. |
| nucleus contains what | chromatin, nuclear envelope, and nucleolus |
| The basic structural framework of the plasma membrane is the | lipid bilayer |
| lipid bilayer | two back-to-back layers made up of three types of lipid molecules—primarily phospholipids with smaller amounts of cholesterol and glycolipids |
| three types of lipid molecules within the lipid bilayer | primarily phospholipids with smaller amounts of cholesterol and glycolipids |
| The bilayer arrangement occurs because | the lipids have both polar and nonpolar parts |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus |
| The “head” of each phospholipid is | polar and hydrophilic |
| hydrophilic | -hydro- = water -philic = loving |
| the “tails” of the phospholipid are | The two fatty acid nonpolar and hydrophobic (-phobic = fearing) |
| hydrophobic | -hydro- = water -phobic = fearing |
| Cholesterol molecules are | -found in both layers of the plasma membrane - are steroids with an attached ─OH (hydroxyl) group |
| Glycolipids are | -lipids with attached carbohydrate groups that form a polar “head” -their fatty acid “tails” are nonpolar. |
Created by:
jshockley
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