Questions for lens, uvea, uveal disorders
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| Name five important symptoms in a post operative cataract patient,which should alert you to tell the patient to come in NOW. | Increase in pain / Redness (hyperemia) / Decrease in vision / Vomiting with ocular pain / Loss of area of visual field
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| Name six conditions that could cause an emergency situation for a patient after a cataracts surgery. | Intraocular hemorrhage / Infection of inflammation glaucoma (sudden increase in IOP) / Wound leaks / Retinal detachment / Choroidal detachment
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| How is posterior capsular opacification treated? | With a YAG laser
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| What type of drugs are given to prevent and treat cystoid macular edema in cataract surgical patients? | NSAID's - Bromfenac
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| The end stage of globe (ocular) decompensation is called? | Phthisis bulbi
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| Can you name at seven symptoms and signs of Uveitis? | Ciliary injections / Pain / Blurred vision / Cell and flare in the anterior chamber / K.P's on corneal endothelium / Pupil may be miotic (ciliary spasm) / Posterior synechia may be forming
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| Mutton fat K.P.'s are found with what type of uveitis? | Granulomatous
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| What is the term for white blood cells layered in the anterior chamber? | Hypopyon
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| What is the term for red blood cells in the anterior chamber? | Hyphema
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| What two types of medicines are used to treat most uveitis cases? | Corticosteroid (Difluprednate) or Prednisolone and cycloplegics (Atropine)
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| Posterior synechia is adhesion from where to where? | Iris to anterior surface of lens
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| What occurring factor is usually the cause of retinal detachments? | The pull of vitreous adhesions (vitreous traction) to the retina, causing a tear.
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| What is the most common cause of irreversible blindness (legal) in the US? | ARMD
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| What are the symptoms and signs of dry ARMD? | Slow onset of Metamorphopsia, decreased central vision, small blind spots (scotomas), large drusen, and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy and increased and decreased areas of the RPE.
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| What are the symptoms and signs of wet ARMD? | May have sudden loss of central vision due to hemorrhage from a subretinal membrane.
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| What do you know about asteroid hyalosis? | Usually in older people, unilateral, asymptomatic, calcium deposits in the vitrous.
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| Name two topical corticosteroids. | Difluprednate (Durezol) and Prednisolone (Pred forte) - anti-inflammatory drug
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| Name one topical NSAID | Bromfenac (Bromday) - a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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| Name three cycloplegic drop. | Cyclopentolate, Atropine, and Homatropine (used to reduce ciliary spasm (which causes pain) and to prevent or break up posterior synechia)
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| What are the symptoms of vitreo-retinal traction? | Flashes of light (photopsia) in the peripheral field and sometimes floating spots.
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| What is amaurosis fugax? | A TRANSIENT loss of vision in ONE EYE lasting a few seconds to a minute. It is a form of TIA. May be described as a curtain or shade dropping down over vision.
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| What are the symptoms and signs of a central retinal artery occlusion? | PAINLESS total loss of vision, suddenly. Cherry red spot in a whitish opalescent retina.
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| What are the symptoms and signs of a central retinal vein occlusion? | PAINLESS partial loss of vision, suddenly. May be mild to severe. Blood and Thunder retina-dilated veins, flame, blot and dot hemorrhages, and exudates.
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| Even though the hemorrhages in CRV occlusion may clear, what is the major loss of vision cause? | Macular edema.
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| What is the main factor in causing neovascularization? | Ischemia, usually in the retina (areas of non-perfusion of arterial blood)
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| Neovascularization of the iris is called? | Rubeosis iridis
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| What are the dangers of rubeosis iridis? | Hyphema and/or zippering up the angle resulting in severe (neovascular) glaucoma.
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| What is one of the substances in humans that is released and causes new abnormal blood vessels (neovascularization) to occur? | VEGF- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
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| How do we treat disorders with neovasularization? | Anti-VEGF agents (-zumabs; Avastin, Lucentis) or intraocular steriods, or lasers.
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| What type of individual is most likely to develop central serous retinopathy? | Young male (20-40), A-type personality, stress.
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| What are the symptoms of central serous retinopathy? | Blurred central vision, metamorphopsia
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| WHAT diagnosis tools are used in diagnosing and following patients with retinal vascular disorders and macular disorders? | Fluorescein angiography and the OCT (Ocular Coherence Tomography)
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| What are the signs and symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa? | Decreased vision, nyctalopia, tunnel vision, photopsia. Tremendous amount of pigment spicules with a waxy pallor of optic nerve.
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| What do you know about asteroid hyalosis? | Usually in older people, unilateral, asymptomatic, calcium deposits in the vitreous.
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