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Lesson 1

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
Indications
Herbs
acrid-action   a heating, irritating herb that causes a feeling of warmth in mouth or on skin or mucous membrane   stagnation ulcers, feeling of internal coldness, digestive problems, retention of mucous in upper respiratory tract   bloodrot, ginger, prickly ash  
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adaptogen   an herb that helps the body adapt to stress, increase endurance, speed recovery from illness & work and strengthen immune function   needing balance   eleuthero, schisandra, ashwagandha, lemon  
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adjuvant   an herb that is added to a formula or mixture of herbs in order to enhance or change its overall activity   reduce side effects of herbs or formulas, enhance activity or taste   licorice, ginger  
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adrenal tonic   an herb that supports adrenal function   blood sugar swings, bouts of depression, allergies, under stress for extended periods   eleuthero  
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alterative   herbs or foods that slowly alter the activity of a tissue, organ system or an organism by enhancing nutrition, energy or vitality; SYN: adaptogen, tonic   deficiency states, chronic fatigue syndrome, immune weakness, loss of muscle or organ tone, weak digestion   echinacea, eleuthero, yellow dock, sarsparilla, prickly ash  
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analgesic   an herb or procedure (such as hydrotherapy) that relieves or reduces feelings of pain   pain   jamaica dogwood, opium poppy, passionflower  
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anaphrodisiac   removes sexual interest, reduces libido   excessive sexual fantasies, desire   skullcap, hops  
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anesthetic   deadens sensation   pain   (orally) echinacea, prickly ash, clove oil; hydrotherapy (cold)  
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anodyne   an herb that relieves pain; SYN: analgesic   pain   jamaica dogwood, corydalis  
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anthelmintic   destroys or removes intestinal worms   worms   wormseed, garlic, tansy, rue, pomegranate  
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anti-allergic   herbs that counteract allergies   hay fever   nettles  
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anti-inflammatory   herbs that lower inflammation, either by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis or blocking the production of inflammatory substances by the immune system   arthritis, sprains, varicose veins   st. john's wort, turmeric, yucca, arnica, butcher's broom, horse chestnut, licorice, devil's claw, chamomile, yarrow  
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antibacterial   an herb that destroys bacteria or retards its growth   infections   goldenseal, usnea, yerba mansa, cat's claw, tea tree, propolis, garlic, bloodrot  
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antibiotic   destroys bacteria   infections - in combination with immune stimulants (acute) or tonics (chronic)   usnea, goldenseal  
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anticholesteremic   herbs that have a tendency to lower blood cholesterol with continued use   high cholesterol levels (over 180)   shepherd's purse, garlic, artichoke leaf, psyllium  
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anticoagulant   prevents clotting of blood (sometimes of milk)   abnormal clotting, varicose veins, cardiovascular disease   alfalfa, sweet clover, garlic  
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antidepressant   an herb that helps relieve mild depression   depression   St. John's wort, rosemary, lavender, grapefruit, gingko  
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antidiarrhetic   an herb that slows or stops diarrhea   diarrhea   blackberry root, black walnut, alum root, rehmannia, self heal, white oak bark  
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antiemetic   counteracts or relieves nausea and vomiting   nausea & vomiting associated with car, sea or morning sickness   ginger, lavender, peppermint  
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antifungal   an herb that kills pathogenic fungus or retards its growth   fungus, athlete's foot   black walnut, bloodrot, Pau d'arco, tea tree, garlic, barberry, coptis  
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anhydratic   herbs that dry tissues, removing excess water   leukorrea, dysentery   chinese skullcap, coptis, gentian  
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antihydrotic   an herb that slows the production of sweat SYN: anhydratic   perspiration   sage leaf  
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antilithic   dissolves and removes urinary gravel or stones(calculi); helps prevent formation   tendency to form gravel or stones in the urinary tract, beneficial for heavy meat eaters   stone root, gravel root  
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antimicrobial   an herb that kills microbes of any type, such as bacteria or viruses   flu, abscesses, athlete's foot   cajuput, plantain, tea tree, garlic, goldenseal, oregon grape root  
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antinauseant   an herb that quells nausea   upset stomach   ginger, lavender, chamomile  
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antioxidant   compounds that bind with free-radicals and deactivate them   hepatitis, cancer prevention, liver protection   chaparral, milk thistle, rosemary, ginko, basil, lemon balm(melissa)  
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antiperiodic   an herb or substance that helps relieve cyclic fevers   malaria, tropical fevers   quinine, sweet annie(artemisia annua)  
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antiphlogistic   an herb or other agent that reduces inflammation   inflammation (swelling, redness, heat), infection   yarrow, echinacea, arnica (internally), flaxseed (externally)  
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antipyretic   reduces fever by turning down the temperature control in the hypothalamus   fever   willow bark, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, meadowsweet, peppermint  
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antirheumatic   an herb that lowers inflammation and helps relieve the pain & swelling associated with rheumatism   rheumatism   black cohosh, horsereadish, american spikenard, juniper, prickly ash  
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antiscorbutic   relieves and prevents scurvy by supplying vitamin C   vitamin C deficiency   rose hips, citrus fruits  
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antiseptic   inhibits the growth of harmful organisms, kills on contact   exposure to bacteria, cuts, wounds, abrasions   bloodrot, usnea, tea tree  
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antispasmodic   relieves or reduces spasms, especially in smooth muscles (uterus, intestine, blood vessels, bronchi)   uterine cramping during PMS, colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, high blood pressure, stranguary   wild yam, chamomile, kava, pulsatilla  
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antitoxin   has the ability to help the body remove as well as neutralize toxins from the blood, organs and tissues   lung and throat infections, urinary tract infections   andrographis, wild indigo, goldenseal, elder, yarrow  
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antitraumatic   an herb that helps the body deal with trauma and speed up the healing process   sprain, strain, blow   arnica, sweet clover, St. John's wort  
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antitumor   inhibits tumor growth, or prevents its formation   tumors   castor oil, poke root  
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antitussive   relieves or reduces the urge to cough   coughing, throat irritation   coltsfoot, mullein, licorice, loquat leaf  
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antiviral   an herb that kills viruses or slows the progression of viral infection in the body   viruses   lemon balm(melissa), osha, andrographics, licorice, olive leaf, shiitake, St. john's wort, garlic  
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aperient   a gentle stimulant to the digestion; a mild laxative   constipation, weak, painful digestion, stress affecting digestion and elimination   artichoke leaf, yellow dock, dandelion  
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aphrodisiac   a sexual stimulant   lowered sexual desire   damiana, muira puama, yohimbe  
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appetizer   stimulates the appetite   weak, painful digestion, lowered interest in food   artichoke leaf, gentian root, bitter tonics  
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aquaretic   a gentle herbal diuretic that increases the body's output of urine   edema   cleavers, horsetail, pipsissewa, parsley root, uva ursi  
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aromatic-action   herbs or remedies that are grateful to the digestion; mildly stimulating; usually essential oil containing   indigestion, stomachache   peppermint, fennel, cumin, dill seed  
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astringent-action   polyphenolic(tannin) containing herbs that contract tissues, removing moisture (drying)   burns, urinary tract infections, diarrhea   green tea, oak bark, willow bark, myrrh, rhatany, bilberry  
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azoturic   remedy that increases the elimination of nitrogenous waste products from the body through urine or feces   gout, people with a high meat intake in their diet   sarsparilla  
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antiplatelet   used in prevention of cardiovascular or thrombotic cerebrovascular disease   arterial thrombosis   garlic, ginger, yarrow  
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balsam   a resinous, aromatic, sticky plant exudate containing phenolic acids (benzoic acid derivatives), having stimulating, warming & anti-microbial properties   coldness, blood stagnancy, infections, scabies, respiratory ailments (asthma, bronchitis, coughs, etc.)   balsam of Peru, balsam of Tolu, styrax  
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bitter   herbs or foods that taste bitter and activate the appetite & digestion   weakness of digestion, chronic illness, nervous system weakness,stress, lowered hydrochloric acid output in stomach, poor protein digestion   gentian, artichoke, barberry, goldenseal, oregon grape  
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blood builder   an herb that helps enrich the blood, stimulating the production of new blood cells   anemia, general weakness   fo-ti(ho shou wu), dong quai, angelica  
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blood purifier   an herb that stimulates the immune system, liver & bowels to increase the removal of waste products from the blood by stimulating phagocytic immune cells, increasing bile output, or releasing toxins through sweat or urine   cancer, illness, hangover   echinacea, burdock, elder flowers, blue vervain, sarsaparilla, parsley root, red clover, yellow dock  
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blood moving   an herb that stimulates the movement of blood in various arts of the body, dilates blood vessels and directs through a stagnant area, relieving pain   blood stagnation   yarrow, ginger, sweet clover  
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bronchodilator   an herb that dilates the bronchi, allowing freer movement of air in and out   asthma   ephedra, tangerine peel, green tea, lobelia  
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calmative   a mild sedative or relaxing herb or activity   mild restlessness, nervousness, upset stomach, mild anxiety   catnip, linden, lemon balm, chamomile  
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cardiac   beneficial to the heart, sometimes helps relieve a feeling of fullness or discomfort in the cardiac region or near pyloric valve   feeling of fullness or oppression over the heart, heart weakness   hawthorn, motherwort, hops, cactus  
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carminative   herbs or essential oils that help the bowels release gas, relaxes spasms of the intestine & increases peristalsis to push gas out, help relieve gas pains   flatulence, gas pains   anise, caraway, cumin, fennel, peppermint  
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cathartic   an herb that helps facilitate the emptying of the bowels, stimulates peristalsis, decreases uptake of water from the fecal mass   constipation   aloe, rhubarb, senna, cascara  
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caustic   corrosive, destructive to living tissue, stimulates new granulation in stagnant ulcer   ulcers that won't heal, warts   spurge, buttercup, bloodroot (USE WITH CAUTION)  
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cholagogue   an herb that increases the flow of bile into the duodenum   weak digestion, poor fat digestion, gallbladder problems   artichoke leaf, dandelion, chicory, gentian, centaury, turmeric, fringetree, boldo  
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coagulant   an herb that promotes the coagulation of blood   bleeding   nettle, shepherd's purse  
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counterirritant   an irritation produced on one part of the boday, such as the dermatones on the skin, to relieve congestion in another part (such as the liver)   sore muscles, aches, pains, congestion in internal organs   cayenne, mustard seed plaster, ginger fomentation, camphor oil  
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decongestant   an herb that reduces congestion, especially in the nasal passages   nasal congestion   cayenne, magnolia buds, ephedra, eucalyptus, eyebright  
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demulcent   mucilagionous herbs which soothe irritated or inflamed tissue or mucous membranes   ulcers, sore throat, tonsillitis, bladder infections, inflammation or heat in the upper respiratory tract, bowels   marshmallow root, slippery elm, flaxseed, irish moss, comfrey, licorice  
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deodorant   an herb which destroys or lessens body odors   strong-smelling sweat or body odor   sage  
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depressant   an herb that lowers functional overactivity and tension by reducing nerve impulse transmission   anxiety, severe tension   california poppy, opium(caution)  
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depurative   a purifying or cleansing agent   acne, boils, styes   red clover, burdock, wild indigo, sarsaparilla  
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diaphoretic   an herb that promotes perspiration and facilitates the elimination of toxins via the skin   fever, flu, colds, general toxemia   yarrow, elder, peppermint, boneset, ginger, cayenne  
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digestant   an herb that promotes good digestion   weak digestion, painful digestion, bloating, lack of appetite   artichoke leaf, genitan, ginger, orange peel, fennel, cardamom, dandelion root, milk thistle seed, anise, cayenne, centaury  
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diuretic   an herb that increase urinary output, stronger than an aquaretic   edema, cystisis with difficult urination, high blood pressure   cleavers, uva ursi, parsley root, buchu, goldenrod, corn silk, shavegrass  
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emetic   an herb or other agent that causes nausea and vomiting   asthma, ingestion of toxic substances   lobelia, poke root, ipecac  
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emmenagogue   an herb that stimulates the onset of menstruation   late periods (not from pregnancy)   blue cohosh, pennyroyal, ginger, rosemary, black cohosh  
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emollient   an herb, usually containing mucilage or gum, applied externally to soothe and soften the skin   chapped skin, irritated skin, rashes, sunburn   comfrey, chickweed, flaxseed, malva  
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errhine   an herb that stimulates nasal discharge   nasal congestion   horseradish  
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expectorant   promoting the expulsion of mucous from the respiratory tract   bronchial and lung congestion, coughs, asthma   grindelia, lobelia(small amounts), licorice, elecampane, anise, poplar buds, yerba santa  
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febrifuge   a cooling herb which lowers fever   fever   elder, honeysuckle flowers, peppermint, boneset, catnip, chamomile, lavender  
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galactagogue   an herb that increases the flow of breast milk   insufficient quantities of breast milk   fennel, vitex, blessed thistle, hops, fenugreek  
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hemostatic   stops internal or external bleeding (hemorrhage)   bleeding   shepherd's purse, yarrow, agrimony, cayenne, goldenseal  
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hepatic   an herb that tonifies and strengthens the liver   poor digestion, hepatitis, headaches, PMS   milk thistle, centaury, dandelion, artichoke leaf, boldo  
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hormonal regulator   an herb that has a tendency to normalize hormone output from the glands   hormone imbalances   vitex  
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hydratic   an herb that moisturizes and moistens tissues or organs   dry disease   kombu, kelp, psyllium, flax, acacia gum  
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hypnotic   herbs that promote sleep   insomnia, sleeping disorders   valerian, california poppy, hops, wild lettuce  
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hypotensive   an herb that lowers blood pressure   high blood pressure   garlic, hawthorn, mistletoe  
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hypothyroidal   an herb that reduces the thyroxin output of the thyroid gland   hyperthyroidism   bugleweed, blue vervain, lemon balm  
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immune stimulant   an herb that has the tendency to activate various immune functions   colds, flu   echinacea, wild indigo, wild ginger, thuja, osha  
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irritant   an herb that stimulates nerve endings, sends more blood and energy to an area to remove congestion   asthma, bronchitis, upper respiratory congestion   lobelia  
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laxative   an herb that promotes bowel evacuation by hydrating and softening the fecal mass as it travels through the colon and by stimulating peristalsis   constipation   psyllium, flax, senna, cascara sagrada, yellow dock, rhubarb root  
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lymphatic   an herb that stimulates the flow of nymph in the lymph vessels, helping to remove waste from the tissues   swollen glands, tonsillitis, mumps   echinacea, poke root, red clover, red root  
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metabolic   an herb that regulates or stimulates the metabolic process   sluggish, slow metabolism   ginseng  
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mucilage   large molecular weight polysaccharides that occur in demulcent herbs with a gelatinous, slimy consistency   irritation of the mucous membranes and skin, constipation, sore throat, laryngitis, urinary tract infections   marshmallow root, flaxseed, slippery elm, Iceland moss, comfrey  
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mucolytic   an herb that dissolves or thins mucous so the body can move it out of the body   seborrheic dermatitis(dandruff or cradle-cap), non-malignant swellings and cysts   polygala, lemon, elecampane, pine bark, yerba santa  
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narcotic   a pain-relieving herb which can cause sleep in large doses   pain, insomnia due to pain   wild lettuce, jamaica dogwood, yellow jasmine(gelsemium)  
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nephritic   an herb used to support the health of the kidneys   weak kidneys, chronic low-grade infections, kidney stones   parsley root, marshmallow root, dandelion root, ginger root, goldenrod  
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nervine   an herb which affects the nervous system, different classes - relaxing, stimulating, tonic, neurotrophic   nervousness, anxiety   valerian, skullcap, lavender, lemon balm, linden, passionflower, wild oats, cacao, kola nut  
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oxytocic   stimulates uterine contractions, facilitating childbirth   prolonged or delayed labor   blue cohosh, beth root, black cohosh, partridge berry, goldenseal  
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pectoral   affects diseases of the respiratory tract   coughs, bronchitis, pneumonia   elecampane, licorice, red clover, marshmallow, horehound, hyssop, sundew, mullein  
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purgative   causes strong bowel evacuation   extreme constipation, removal of toxic factors from the body, some traditional cleansing rituals   aloe, buckthorn, castor oil, mandrake  
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refrigerant   an herb that relieves fever, internal heat and thirst   sunstroke, invasion of the body by summer heat, high fever   barberry, gentian, goldenseal, elder, honeysuckle flowers, forsythia fruit, ginseng  
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restorative   an herb or food that restores balance and strength to the body and its systems, roborant   convalescence   eleuthro, codonopsis, reishi, schisandra, gotu kola, ginseng, dong quai, gentian  
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rubefacient   a local irritant that increases circulation in the skin, relieving pain in the muscles and promoting healing   sports injuries, aches and pains of the muscles from inactivity or overactivity   ginger, horseradish, cayenne liniment, camphor balms  
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sedative        
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abortifacient   an herb that induces or causes premature expulsion of a fetus   unwanted pregnancy   tansy, goldenseal  
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