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NHA STUDY GUIDE

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Term
Definition
THE PROPER WAY TO DISPOSE OF A NEEDLE IS   put it into the sharps container w/o recapping it, immediately after withdrawing it  
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THE "GOOD SAMARITAN LAW" ENCOURAGES HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS TO:   provide medical care within the scope of their training at the scene of an accident without fear of being sued for negligence  
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IF A PATIENT REFUSES A VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE, THE PHLEBOTOMIST SHOULD   immediately report the refusal and actions taken to the nurse or doctor  
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MICROORGANISMS THAT CAUSE DISEASE   pathogenic  
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THIS VEIN IN THE ARM IS MOST SUBJECTED TO VENIPUNCTURE   median cubital vein  
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POST PRANDIAL   after a meal  
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TOURNIQUETS MAY BE LEFT ON THE PATIENT FOR   1 min  
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THIS COMPLICATION RESULTS FROM REPEATED VEINPUNCTURE OF THE SAME   phlebitis  
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THE COMPONENTS THAT MAKE UP THE CHAIN OF INFECTION ARE   source, susceptible host, mode of transmissions  
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A HEMATOMA CAN BE PREVENTED IF   pressure is place on the venipuncture site until the bleeding stops  
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ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES NEED WHAT KIND OF SPECIAL HANDLING   specimen must be chilled after collection  
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THE RECOMMENDED DEPTH FOR AN INFANT MICROCAPILLARY COLLECTION SHOULD NOT EXCEED   2.0 mm  
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COMMON SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK ARE   pale, cold, clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, expressionless face/staring eyes  
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BACTERIA, VIRUSES, FUNGUS OR PARASITES BELONG TO WHICH TYPE OF HAZARD   biologic  
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EXAMPLES OF PPE   gloves, mask, face shield gown  
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ISOLATION IS CONDENSED INTO WHICH THREE CATEGORIES   airborne, droplet, contact  
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WHAT IS CONSIDERED A PREANALYTICAL ERROR   allergic reaction  
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DELIVERS OXYGEN, NUTRIENTS, HORMONES, AND ENZYMES TO THE CELLS AND TO TRANSPORT CELLUAR WAST SUCH AS CARBON DIOXIDE & UREA TO THE ORGANS WHERE THEY CAN EXPELLED FROM THE BODY   circulatory circulation  
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THIS CARRIES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE RIGHT VENTRICLE TO THE LUNGS & RETURNS OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS TO THE   pulmonary cirulation  
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THIS CARRIES OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE THROUGHOUT THE BODY   systamic circulation  
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THIS IS AN ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE, BEING SITUATED BETWEEN THE RIGHT ATRIUM & RIGHT VENTRICLE   the tricuspid valve  
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A semi lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery   pulmonic valve  
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the mitral valve is also known as   the bicuspid valve  
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THE INNER LAYER LINING OF THE HEART IS   endocardium  
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THE MUSCULAR MIDDLE LAYER OF THE HEART (THIS IS THE CONTRACTILE ELEMENT OF THE HEART IS   myocardium  
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THE FIBROUS OUTER LAYER OF THE HEART (THE CORONARY ARTERIES, WHICH SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE HEART ARE FOUND IN THIS LAYER)   epicardium  
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AORTA, ARTERIES, ARTERIOLES, CAPILLARIES, VENULES, VEINS, SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR VENA CAVAE   blood vessels  
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THE BLOOD VESSELS (EXCEPT FOR THE CAPILLARIES) ARE COMPOSED OF THESE 3 LAYERS   tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima  
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CARRIES OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY   systematic circulation  
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THE OUTER CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYER OF THE BLOOD VESSEL   tunica adventitia  
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THE MIDDLE SMOOTH MUSCLE LAYER OF THE BLOOD VESSEL   tunica media  
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THE INNER LAYER OF THE BLOOD VESSEL IS   tunica intima  
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CARRIES OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY   the aorta, arteries & arterioles  
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THE VENULES, VEINS AND THE SUPERIOR/INFERIOR VENA CAVAE   carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart  
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THE CAPILLARIES ARE COMPOSED OF   endothlial cells  
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CAPILLARY BLOOD IS A MIXTURE   arterial & venous blood  
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THE AVERAGE ADULT HAS ____________ LITERS OF BLOOD   5-6  
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THE LIQUID PORTION OF BLOOD IS CALLED   plasma  
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THE CELLULAR PORTION OF BLOOD IS CALLED   formed elements  
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CONTAINS PROTEINS , AMINO ACIDS, GASES, ELECTROLYTES, SUGARS, HORMONES, MINERALS, VITAMINS AND WATER (92%)   plasma  
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THE THIN WALLS OF THE CAPILLARIES ALLOW RAPID EXCHANGE OF   oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products between the blood & tissue cells  
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PLASMA COMPROMISES WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE CIRCULATING BLOOD   55%  
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THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD COMPRIMISE WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE CIRCULATING BLOOD   45%  
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THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD CONTAIN   erthyocytes (99%), leukolytes, and thromocytes  
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THE ERUTHROCYTES CONTAIN AN OXYGEN CARRYING PROTEIN CALLED   hemoglobin  
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AN IMMATURE ERYTHOCYTE IS CALLED A   reticulocyte  
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RETICULOCYTES MATURE INTO ERYTHOCYTES IN HOW LONG   1-2 days  
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HOW MANY RBC'S ARE CONTAINED PER MICROLITER OF BLOOD   4.2-6.2 million  
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THE NORMAL LIFE SPAN OF RBC IS   120 days  
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WHICH TYPE OF CELL PROVIDES THE BODY PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTION?   wbc  
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THE NORMAL AMOUNT OF WBC'S FOR AN ADULT   5,000-10,000  
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AN INCREASE OF WBC AS SEEN IN CASES OF INFECTION & LEUKEMIA IS CALLED   leukolytes  
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A DECREASE IN WBC'S AS SEEN WITH VIRAL INFECTION OR CHEMOTHERAPY   leukopenia  
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HOW MANY TYPES OF WBC'S ARE IN THE BLOOD   5 types  
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WHAT WBc IS THE MOST NUMEROUS & COMPROMISES 40%-60% OF WBC POPOULATION?   neutrophils  
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WHAT WBC IS PHAOCYTIC & INCREASES IN BACTERIAL INFECTION AND IS OFTEN THE FIRST ON THE SCENE   neutrophils  
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WHAT WBC INCREASES IN NUMBERS IN VIRAL INFECTIONS & PLAY A ROLE IN IMMUNITY   neutrophils  
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WHAT WBC IS THE 2ND MOST NUMEROUS, COMPROMISING 20%-40% OF THE WBC POPULATION   lymphocytes  
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WHAT WBC INCREASES IN NUMBERS IN VIRAL INFECTION & PLAY A ROLE IN IMMUNITY   lymphocytes  
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WHAT WBC IS THE LARGEST (3%-8% OF WBC POPULATION)   monocytes  
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WHAT WBC REPRESENTS 1%-3% AND NUMBERS INCREASE WITH ALLERGIES, SKIN INFECTIONS AND PARASITIC INFECTIONS   eosinophils  
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WHICH WBC REPRESENT 0%-1% & #'s of the population & carry histamine   basophils  
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ALL BLOOD CELLS NORMALLY ORIGINATE FROM STEM CELLS IN THE   bone marrow  
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THESE ARE SMALL IRREGULARLY SHAPED PACKETS OF CYTOPLASM FORMED IN THE BONE MARROW FROM MEGAKARYOCYTES & ARE ESSENTAIL FOR BLOOD COAGULATION   thrombocytes (platelets)  
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THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF PLATELETS PER MICROLITER OF BLOOD   140,000-440,000  
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PLATELETS HAVE A LIFE SPAN OF HOW MANY DAYS   9-12  
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THIS IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH BLOOD VESSELS ARE REPAIRED AFTER INJURY   hemostatis  
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FOUR STAGES OF HEMOSTATIS   vascular, platelet, coagulation, fibrinolysis  
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DURING THE PLATLET PHASE OF HEMOSTASIS PLATELETS STICK TO THE SITE FINALLY OFRMING A TEMPORARY PLATELET PLUG IN A PROCESS CALLED:   aggreation  
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The preferred site for venipuncture of the upper extremities is   the anticubital fossa  
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The three major veins located in the anticubital fossa are   median cubital, cephalic basilic vein  
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Veins that are hard or cordlike, caused by disease, inflammation, chemotherapy, or repeated venipuncture   sclerosed veins  
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winding crooked veins are called   tortuous veins  
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Do not draw blood from what kind of site   IV fluids  
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Do not draw blood from what kind of site   artificial a-v fistula site  
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The most common complication of phlebotomy procedure, indicating that blood has accumulated in the tissue surrounding the vein is   hematoma  
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This increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma caused by the tourniquet being left on more than two minutes   hemoconcentration  
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This common complication of phlebotomy procedure is caused by the needle going through the vein and/or failure to apply enough pressure on the site after withdrawl   hematoma  
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Inflammation of a vein as a result of repeated venipuncture on the vein   phlebitis  
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Tiny non raised red spots that appear on the skin from rupturing of the capillaries due to the tourniquet being left on or too tight   petechiae  
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A blood clot due to insufficient pressure applied after the withdrawl of a needle   thrombus  
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Inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot   thrombophlebitis  
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Systemic infection associated with the pressure of a pathogenic organish introduced during a venipuncuture   septicemia  
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This is an injury to underlying tissues caused by probing of the needle   trauma  
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Patient must abstain from eating for at least twelve hours   fasting  
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Accumulation of fluid in the tissues. collection from this tissue alters test result   edema  
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Permanant surgical connection berween an artery and a vein and can never be used to venipuncture   fistula  
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-cyte   cell  
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erythro-   red  
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-globin   protein  
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Heme-   blood  
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Leuko-   white  
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-olgy   study of  
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-lysis   destroy or breakdown  
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Hist-   tissue  
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Phleb-   vein  
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Thrombo-   clot  
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-otomy   incision/cut  
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-oma   tumor  
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Mega   Large  
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karyo   nucleus  
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anti   against  
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poly   more than one  
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phago   eat  
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pulmon   lung  
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-emia   blood circulation  
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-itis   inflammation  
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penia   deficiency  
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-statis   stopping or control  
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angio   vessel  
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bili   bile  
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necro   death  
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derm   skin  
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a-/an-   without  
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ambi   both  
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cryo   cold  
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brady   slow  
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endo   inside  
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cyan   blue  
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epi   on or over  
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iso   same  
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neo   new  
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peri   around or during  
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arteriio   artery  
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cephal   head  
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cubit   elbow  
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Condition in which normal red blood cells are reduced   anemia  
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serving to prevent the coagulation   anticoagulant  
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largest artery in the body   aorta  
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a minute arterial branch which leads to a capillary   arterioles  
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A vessel through which blood passes away from the heart to the tissue. The pulmonary is an exception the rule   artery  
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large vein on the inner side of the upper arm   basilic vein  
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artery which lies beneath the bailic vein in the antecubital fossa   branchial artery  
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smallest blood vessel that connects arteries   capillary  
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device which spins test tubes @ high speeds causing the heavy particles in the liquid to settle to the bottom and the lighter liquid to the top   centrifuge  
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large vein on the outermost side of the arm   cephalic arm  
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The treatment of disease by chemical agents   chemotherapy  
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protein subastance produced by elements of blood and tissue which form a network as the base of a clot   fibrinogen  
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bubbles caused by improper venipuncture   frothing  
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volume percentage of erythocytes in whole blood   hematocrit  
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destruction of red blood cells with the liberation of hemoglobin which diffuses into the surrounding fluid caused by frothing, not allowing the alcohol to dry on skin, shaking the tube and improper entry into the lumen of the vein   hemolysis  
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inflammation of the liver by virus or toxic origin   hepatitis  
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abnormally increased amounts of sugar in the blood system   hyperglycemia  
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abnormally low blood sugar   hypoglycemia  
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a disease characterized by excessive production of wbc   leukemia  
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abnormally high amounts of fat in the blood   lipemia  
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the major vein of the aantecubital fossa most commonly used for venipuncture   median cubital vein  
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veins found in the feet   metatarsal veins  
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first six weeks of birth   neonatal  
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to examine by touch   palpate  
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the scientific study of the nature of disease   pathology  
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blood obtained from the outer surface of the body   peripheral blood  
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pretaining to a meal   prandial  
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artery found in the wrist   radial artery  
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clear watery fluid which separates from the blood when centrifuged   serum  
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fainting   syncope  
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formation of a clot within a blood vessel   thrombosis  
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an injury or wrongful act to one person for which another person who caused the injury is legally responsible under a civil suit   tort  
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blood vessels carrying deoxgenated blood to the heart, except for the pulmonary which carries oxygenated blood   vein  
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blood obtained from a vein   venous blood  
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the amount of blood returning to the artia of the heart   venous return  
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a small cavity such as one of th lower chambers of the heart   venticle  
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blood containg all components, also referred to as macro method technique   whole blood  
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skin white blood cells, antibodies, interferon, lining in the body, body secretions   natural body defenses  
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widespread occurance of an infectious disease among a population   epidemic  
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an organism that lives within or upon another organism (worms)   parasite  
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the organism with or upon which a parasite lives   host  
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a disease producing agent. There are 6:virus, bacteria, rickettsias, protozoa, parasitic, worms, fungi   pathogen  
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the organism responsible for carrying a communicable disease from one host body to another   vectors  
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exists in vast numbers and lives everywhere (water, garbage, air, water, mouth)   bacteria  
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smallest parasitic organism, hardest to isolate   viruses  
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transmitted to man by ticks, lice   rickettsias  
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single celled parasite found in moist oil and bodies of water such as malaria   protozoa  
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survives in moist warm and dark environments such as ringworm and athletes foot   fungi  
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A preparation of weakened or dead bacteria of inoculation purpose   vaccine  
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Anticoagulant found in the yellow test tube   sps (sodium polyanetholesuflonate)  
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anticoagulant found in the light blue tube   sodium citrate  
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anticoagulant found in the green test tube   sodium/lithium/ammonia heparin  
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anticoagulant found in the lavender test tube   edta  
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What does the red/grey speckled test tube contain   clot activators  
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which test tube is sterile   yellow top  
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which section in the clinical lab, are the formed elements of the blood studied   hematology section  
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which section of the clinical lab is the most automated section in the laboratory   chemistry section  
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what are the three areas that the chemistry areas that the chemistry section divided in   electrophoresis, toxicology, immunochemistry  
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what does the toxicology area of the chemistry section do   analyzes plasma levels of drugs and poisons  
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What does the immunochemisty are of the chemistry section do   uses techniques such as radio ummunoassay & enzymes immunoassay to detect and measure substances such as hormones enzymes and drugs  
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What section of the lab collect, stores, and prepares blood for transfusions   blood bank  
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What section of the performs test to evaluate the patients immune response through the production of anitbodies   serology (immunology) section  
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what section of the lab is responsible for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in patient samples and for the hospital infection control?   microbiology section  
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what is the primary test performed in the microbiology section of the lab   culture and sensitivity (C&S)-used to detect and identify microorganisms and to determine the most effective antibiotic therapy  
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what section of the lab performs tests on the urine to detect disorders and infection of the kidney and urinary tract and to detect metabolic disorders such as diabetes melitus   urinalysis section  
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OSHA   Occupational Safety and Health Administration  
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OSHA is responsible for   the identification of the various hazards present in the workplace and for the creation of rules and regulations to minimize exposure to such hazards  
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what emergency first and procedures should be used for external hemorrhage   Control the bleeding by elevation the affected part above the heart level and apply direct pressure to the wound. Never elevate a broken extremity  
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what is the first aid for shock   Maintain open airway for victim, call for help , keep victim laying down with the head lower than the rest of the body, keep victim warm, attempt to control any known bleeding or cause of shock  
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CPR stands for   cardiopulmonary resucitation  
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what are the 5 main types of mode of transmission   contact (direct/indirect), droplet, airborne, vehicle, vectorborne  
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what are some common entry sites for infection   broken skin, mucous membranes and body systems exposed to the external environment such as the respiratory, gastrointestal and reproductive systems  
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the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body   medical asepsis  
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what is the most important means of preventing the spread of infection   handwashing  
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ppe   personal protective equipment  
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what ppe's are used in barrier protection   gloves, masks goggles, face shields, respirator  
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what are the two tiers or levels of precautions regarding isolation procedure   standard precautions and transmission base precautions  
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the sharps injury log must contain at a minimum   the type and brand of device involved in the incident, the department or work area where the exposure incident occurred, an explanation of how the incident occured  
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what is informed consent   is a consent given by the patient who is made aware of any procedure to be performed to be performed its risks expected outcomes and alternatives  
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what is negligence   this is the failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonable person who give under similar circumstances and someone suffers injury because of another's failure to live up to a required duty of care  
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what is the normal range for blood pressure   90/60 140/90  
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the top # of a blood pressure reading is when the heart is contracting called the   systolic  
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the bottom # of a blood pressure reading is when the heart is resting/relaxed called the   diastolic  
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Normal respiration rate   12-14 BPM (breathes)  
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normal pulse/heartrate   60-100 BPM (beats)  
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Tachycardia   pulse/heart rates above 100 BPM  
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bradycardia   pulse/heart rates below 60 BPM  
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Normal body temp   97.6F - 99.6F  
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conversion formula from fahrenheit to celsius   subtract 32 multiply .555  
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conversion formula from celsius to fahrenheit   multiply by 1.8 + 32  
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Proper order of draw   blood cultures (black yellow, light blue, red, malbled red (orange for stat, green, lavender, grey, royal blue  
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anticoagulant in the grey test   powdered potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride  
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anticoagulant in the orange STAT   thrombin clot activator  
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light blue test   pt-coumadin, ppt-heparin, coagulation, protein, S&C, lupus anticoagulant  
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red test tube   blood grouping, RH factor, amebiasis, blastomycosis  
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red marbled/speckled test tube   serum-serology....pregnancy test  
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green test tube   ammonia, kidney test, immune diseases, T&B cell count, histamine  
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lavender/pink test tube   CBC, morphology of RBC, reticulyte count, sickle cell, T&B cell count, blood film, and differential  
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grey test tube   GTT, FBS, alcohol, cyanide lactic acid, vitamin c  
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Royal blue test tube   trace metals-arsenic, lead, maganese, mercury, zinc, copper, chromium  
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In the electrical circulation of blood, he sino atrial node fires for   FIRES-1MV 5 sec  
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In the electrical circulation blood, the atrial ventricle node hold for   HOLDS 1/10 sec  
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In the electrical circulation of blood the AV bundle (bundle of his) does what   SEPARATES-separate at the bundle of his allowing blood to move from the L & R atria to the L & R ventricle  
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In the electrical circulation of blood, the purkinje fibers do what   PUSHES OUT-network of fibers that work with the myracardial cells in the ventricles to help push the blood out of the heart  
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