keywords of the heart
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| pulmonary circuit | carries blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs
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| systemic circuit | transports blood to and from the rest of the body
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| arteries | blood is carried away fro the heart by.... or efferent vessels
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| veins | returns blood to the heart
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| capillaries | small, thin-walled vessels called.... interconnect the smallest arteries and the smallest veins.
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| exchange vessels | also called capillaries because their thin walls permit the exchange of nutrients, dissolbed gases, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues
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| Right atrium | receives blood from the systemic circuit and passes it to the right ventricle
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| Right ventricle | pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit
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| Left atrium | collects blood from the pulmonary circuit and empties it into the left ventricle
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| Left ventricle | ejects blood into the systemic circuit
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| coranary sulcus | a deep groove, marks the border between the atria and the ventricles
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| marks boundary between the left and right ventricles | anterior interventricular sulcus and the posterior interventriucular sulcus
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| epicardium | is the pericardium that covers the outer surface of the heart
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| Myocardium | or muscular wall of the heart, forms both atria and ventricles
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| endocardium | the inner surface of the heart including those of the heart valves, are covered by the ...
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| cardiac muscles | are interconnected by intercalated disc
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| Interatrial septum | the ventricles are seperated by much thicker interventricula
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| Atriaventricular valves | folds of fibrous tissue, estend into the openings between the atria and ventricles
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| automaticity | or autorhythmicity, cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own in the absence of nueral of hormonal stimulation
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| conducting system | the cells responsible for intiating and distrubitng the stimulus to contract are part of the hearts...
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| Sinoatrial node(SA node) | is embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the entrance of the superior vena cava. also known as the cardiac pacemaker or natural pacemaker
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| atrioventricular node | sits within the floor of the right atrium near the opening of the coronary sinus
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| AV bundle | Also called, bundle of His, is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles
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| Purkinje fibers | conduct action potential at a very rapidly, as fast as myelanited axons
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| electrocardiogram(ECG or EKG) | electrical events occuring in the heart are powerful enough to be detected by electrodes on the surface of the body.
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| P wave | accompanies the depolarization of the atria.
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| QRS complex | appears as the ventricles depolarize
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| T waves | indicates ventricular repolarization
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| P-R intervals | extends from the start of atrial depolarization to the start of the QRS complex rather into R, because of abnormal ECG's the peak can be difficult to determine
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| Cardiac arrhythmias | abnormal paters of cardiac electrical activity
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| contractile cells | the purkinje fibers distribute the stimulus to the .........
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| cardiac cycle | period between the start of one heartbeat and the beginning of the next is a single.........
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| systole | or contraction, the chamber contracts and pushes blood into an adjacent chamber or into an arterial trunk
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| diastole | or relaxation, the chamber fills with blood and prepares for the next cardiac cycle
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| end-diastolic volume | EDV, the maxium amount of blood that a ventricle will hold
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| cardiodynamics | the movement and forces generated during cardiac contractions
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| cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
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| cardiac acceleratory center | controls sympathetic neurons that increase the heart rate
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| cardioinhibitory center | controls the parasympathetic neurons that slow the heart rate
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| atrial reflex | Bainbridge reflex, involves adjustments in heart rate in response to an increase in the venous return
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| afterload | is the amount of tension the contracting ventricle must produce to force open the semilunar valve and eject blood.
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| cardiac reserve | the difference between resting and maximal cardiac outputs
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| The righ Atrium | recieves blood from the systemic circuit through the two great veins, superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
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| cardiac veins | of the heart return blood to the coronary sinus
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| coronary sinus | a large thin walled vein that opens into the right atrium inferior to the connection with the superior vena cava
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| fossa ovalis | a small shallow depression, persists at the site in the adult heart
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| pectinate muscles | the anterior artrial wall and the inner surface of the auricle contain prominent muscular ridges called ........
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| Right atrioventricular vavle | three fibrous flaps or cusps also known as tricuspid
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| chordae tendineae | the free edge of each cusp is attached to tendinous connective-tissue fibers called .....
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| papillary muscles | conical muscular projections that arise from the inner surface of the right ventricle
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| trabeculae carnea | the internal surface of the ventricle also contains a series of muscular ridges....
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| moderator band | is a muscular ridge that extends horizontally from the inferior protion of the interventricular septum and connects to the anterior papillary muscle
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| conus arteriousus | a conical pouch that ends at the pulmonary vavle
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| Mitral valve | also known as bicuspid valve
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| fibrous skeleton | of the heart consists of four dense bands of tough elastic tissue that encircle the bases of the pulmonary trunk and aorta and the heart valves
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