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ch20 The Heart
keywords of the heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pulmonary circuit | carries blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs |
| systemic circuit | transports blood to and from the rest of the body |
| arteries | blood is carried away fro the heart by.... or efferent vessels |
| veins | returns blood to the heart |
| capillaries | small, thin-walled vessels called.... interconnect the smallest arteries and the smallest veins. |
| exchange vessels | also called capillaries because their thin walls permit the exchange of nutrients, dissolbed gases, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues |
| Right atrium | receives blood from the systemic circuit and passes it to the right ventricle |
| Right ventricle | pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit |
| Left atrium | collects blood from the pulmonary circuit and empties it into the left ventricle |
| Left ventricle | ejects blood into the systemic circuit |
| coranary sulcus | a deep groove, marks the border between the atria and the ventricles |
| marks boundary between the left and right ventricles | anterior interventricular sulcus and the posterior interventriucular sulcus |
| epicardium | is the pericardium that covers the outer surface of the heart |
| Myocardium | or muscular wall of the heart, forms both atria and ventricles |
| endocardium | the inner surface of the heart including those of the heart valves, are covered by the ... |
| cardiac muscles | are interconnected by intercalated disc |
| Interatrial septum | the ventricles are seperated by much thicker interventricula |
| Atriaventricular valves | folds of fibrous tissue, estend into the openings between the atria and ventricles |
| automaticity | or autorhythmicity, cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own in the absence of nueral of hormonal stimulation |
| conducting system | the cells responsible for intiating and distrubitng the stimulus to contract are part of the hearts... |
| Sinoatrial node(SA node) | is embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the entrance of the superior vena cava. also known as the cardiac pacemaker or natural pacemaker |
| atrioventricular node | sits within the floor of the right atrium near the opening of the coronary sinus |
| AV bundle | Also called, bundle of His, is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles |
| Purkinje fibers | conduct action potential at a very rapidly, as fast as myelanited axons |
| electrocardiogram(ECG or EKG) | electrical events occuring in the heart are powerful enough to be detected by electrodes on the surface of the body. |
| P wave | accompanies the depolarization of the atria. |
| QRS complex | appears as the ventricles depolarize |
| T waves | indicates ventricular repolarization |
| P-R intervals | extends from the start of atrial depolarization to the start of the QRS complex rather into R, because of abnormal ECG's the peak can be difficult to determine |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | abnormal paters of cardiac electrical activity |
| contractile cells | the purkinje fibers distribute the stimulus to the ......... |
| cardiac cycle | period between the start of one heartbeat and the beginning of the next is a single......... |
| systole | or contraction, the chamber contracts and pushes blood into an adjacent chamber or into an arterial trunk |
| diastole | or relaxation, the chamber fills with blood and prepares for the next cardiac cycle |
| end-diastolic volume | EDV, the maxium amount of blood that a ventricle will hold |
| cardiodynamics | the movement and forces generated during cardiac contractions |
| cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute |
| cardiac acceleratory center | controls sympathetic neurons that increase the heart rate |
| cardioinhibitory center | controls the parasympathetic neurons that slow the heart rate |
| atrial reflex | Bainbridge reflex, involves adjustments in heart rate in response to an increase in the venous return |
| afterload | is the amount of tension the contracting ventricle must produce to force open the semilunar valve and eject blood. |
| cardiac reserve | the difference between resting and maximal cardiac outputs |
| The righ Atrium | recieves blood from the systemic circuit through the two great veins, superior vena cava and inferior vena cava |
| cardiac veins | of the heart return blood to the coronary sinus |
| coronary sinus | a large thin walled vein that opens into the right atrium inferior to the connection with the superior vena cava |
| fossa ovalis | a small shallow depression, persists at the site in the adult heart |
| pectinate muscles | the anterior artrial wall and the inner surface of the auricle contain prominent muscular ridges called ........ |
| Right atrioventricular vavle | three fibrous flaps or cusps also known as tricuspid |
| chordae tendineae | the free edge of each cusp is attached to tendinous connective-tissue fibers called ..... |
| papillary muscles | conical muscular projections that arise from the inner surface of the right ventricle |
| trabeculae carnea | the internal surface of the ventricle also contains a series of muscular ridges.... |
| moderator band | is a muscular ridge that extends horizontally from the inferior protion of the interventricular septum and connects to the anterior papillary muscle |
| conus arteriousus | a conical pouch that ends at the pulmonary vavle |
| Mitral valve | also known as bicuspid valve |
| fibrous skeleton | of the heart consists of four dense bands of tough elastic tissue that encircle the bases of the pulmonary trunk and aorta and the heart valves |
Created by:
mskap2
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