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| Louis XVI | French monarch during French Revolution; he was guillotined in 1794
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| popular sovereignty | the concept that political power is derived from the people
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| social contract theory | states that people enter into a contract with those who govern them when they elect them and that they may REVOLT if their rights are not upheld
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| John Locke | outlined social contract theory in Two Treatises on Government
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| Baron de Montesquieu | Spirit of the Laws; argued for separation of powers
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| bourgeoisie | well-educated middle class
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| 1st Estate | corporate body comprised of the clergy
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| 2nd Estate | corporate body composed of the nobility
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| 3rd Estate | corporate body composing 97% of French population
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| Estates General | body comprised of three French estates
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| cahiers de doleances | “notebooks” of complaints brought by delegates to Estates General
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| What is the Third Estate? | by Abbe Sieyes; said nobility was tiny and overprivileged
and Third Estate was truly representative of French people
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| Oath of the Tennis Court | said National Assembly would not disband until they had written a constitution
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| Bastille | prison stormed by Parisians to gain weapons
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man | passed by the National Assembly; promoted equality before the law, representative govt, individual freedoms
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| Edmund Burke | wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790); father of modern conservatism
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| Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) | pamphlet that criticized the French Revolution as too radical
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| Mountain | most radical members of the Jacobin Club
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| Jacobins | political club that supported the Revolution
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| Committee of Public Safety | created by the Mountain faction to radicalize the Revolution
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| sans-culottes | radical, left-wing members of the lower-class
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| Robespierre | leader of the Mountain faction of Jacobins; later guillotined
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| Seven Years' War | war in which Britain defeated France and thus became most powerful European nation; Britain gained Canada and parts of India
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| levee en masse | term that referred to mass conscription of French soldiers who fought for revolutionary ideas
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| Olympe de Gouges | Argued that equality before the law didn’t exist for women; wrote Declaration of the Rights of Women and Citizen
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