chapter 6 Muscles
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| the ability to shorten the force | Contractility
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| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. | Excitability
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| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility
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| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity
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| Surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | Epimysium
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| Connective tissie located outside the epimysium. | Fascia
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| Numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi | Fascicle
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| Surrounded by loose connective tissue | Perimsium
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| Surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | Endomsium
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| The cytoplasm of each fiber with | Myofibrils
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| 2 major kinds of protein fibers | Actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments
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| Actin and myosin form | Sacromeres
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| The difference of the charges | Resting membrane potential
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| Brief reversal back of the charge | Action Potential
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor Neurons
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| Each branch that connects to the muscle forms | Neuromusclular junction
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| Near the center of the cell | Synapse
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| Single motor neuron | Motor Unit
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| Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis
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| Closes the eyelids | Orbicularis Oculi
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| Pucker's the lips | Orbicularis
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| Flattens the cheeks | Buccinator
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| Smiling Muscle | Zygmaticus
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| Sneering | Levator labii Superioris
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| Frowning | Depressor anguli oris
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| Chewing | Mastication
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| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion
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| Portion of the muscle between the origin and the insetion | Belly
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| Most stationary end of the muscle | Origin
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| Muscles that work together to accomlish specific movements | synergists
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| Muscles that work in oppostion to one another | Antagonists
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| One muscle plays the major role in the desired movement | Prime Mover
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| Amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | Oxygen Debt
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| equal distance | isometric
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| equal tension | Isotonic
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| without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration
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| with oxygen | Aerobic respiration
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| constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. | Muscle tone
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| Contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast-twitch fibers
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| contract more quickly and are more resistant to fatigue | Slow twitch fibers
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| thin myofilaments | Actin myofilaments
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| thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments
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| four major functional characteristics | contractility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity
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| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons
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| branch that connects to the muscle form | neuromusclular junction
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| near the center of the cell | synapse
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| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervatyes | motor unit
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| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal
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| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft
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| muscle fiber | postsynaotic terminal
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| each presynaptic contains | synaptic vesicles
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| secrete a neurotransmitter | acetylcholine
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| prime mover | neck muscle
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| Muscles that move the vertebral column | trunk muscles
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| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles
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| changes the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles
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| moves the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles
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| holding the ball | isometric
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| throwing a ball | isotonic
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| rotates scapula | Trapezius
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| pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior
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| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major
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| elevate the ribs during inspiration | External intercostals
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| contract during forced expiration | Internal intercostals
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| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | lag phase
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| time of contraction | contraction phase
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| time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase
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| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany
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| increases in number of motor units being activated | recruitment
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| when at rest they can't stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule | creatine phosphate
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| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of crratine phosphate store in muscle cells | oxygen debt
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| kissing muscle | orbicularis oris and buccinator
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| rotates and extends the head | neck muscle
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| flexes forearm | Brachialis
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| flexes and supinates the forearm | Brachioradialis
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| extends the forearm | Triceps brachii
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| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major
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