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chapter 6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability to shorten the force | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity |
| Surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | Epimysium |
| Connective tissie located outside the epimysium. | Fascia |
| Numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi | Fascicle |
| Surrounded by loose connective tissue | Perimsium |
| Surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | Endomsium |
| The cytoplasm of each fiber with | Myofibrils |
| 2 major kinds of protein fibers | Actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments |
| Actin and myosin form | Sacromeres |
| The difference of the charges | Resting membrane potential |
| Brief reversal back of the charge | Action Potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor Neurons |
| Each branch that connects to the muscle forms | Neuromusclular junction |
| Near the center of the cell | Synapse |
| Single motor neuron | Motor Unit |
| Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| Closes the eyelids | Orbicularis Oculi |
| Pucker's the lips | Orbicularis |
| Flattens the cheeks | Buccinator |
| Smiling Muscle | Zygmaticus |
| Sneering | Levator labii Superioris |
| Frowning | Depressor anguli oris |
| Chewing | Mastication |
| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion |
| Portion of the muscle between the origin and the insetion | Belly |
| Most stationary end of the muscle | Origin |
| Muscles that work together to accomlish specific movements | synergists |
| Muscles that work in oppostion to one another | Antagonists |
| One muscle plays the major role in the desired movement | Prime Mover |
| Amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | Oxygen Debt |
| equal distance | isometric |
| equal tension | Isotonic |
| without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | Aerobic respiration |
| constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. | Muscle tone |
| Contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast-twitch fibers |
| contract more quickly and are more resistant to fatigue | Slow twitch fibers |
| thin myofilaments | Actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| four major functional characteristics | contractility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| branch that connects to the muscle form | neuromusclular junction |
| near the center of the cell | synapse |
| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervatyes | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber | postsynaotic terminal |
| each presynaptic contains | synaptic vesicles |
| secrete a neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
| prime mover | neck muscle |
| Muscles that move the vertebral column | trunk muscles |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| changes the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| moves the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| holding the ball | isometric |
| throwing a ball | isotonic |
| rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | External intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | Internal intercostals |
| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increases in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| when at rest they can't stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule | creatine phosphate |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of crratine phosphate store in muscle cells | oxygen debt |
| kissing muscle | orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| rotates and extends the head | neck muscle |
| flexes forearm | Brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | Brachioradialis |
| extends the forearm | Triceps brachii |
| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
Created by:
audreybarr
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