3rd-4th
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| Contractility | Shorten with force
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| Excitability | Respond to a stimulus
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| Extensibility | Recoil
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| Epimysium | Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle
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| Fascia | Connective tissue located outside the Epimysium. Surrounds and separates muscles
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| Fasciculi | Numerous visible bundles
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| Perimysium | Surrounds Fasciculi; Loose connective tissue
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| Fasciculi are composed of | SINGLE Muscle Cells
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| Muscle cells | Fibers
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| Muscle Fiber contains | Several nuclei
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| Endomysium | Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber
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| Cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | Myofibrils
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| Myofibrils | Threadlike structure that extends to both sides of the fiber
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| 2 Major types of protein fibers | Actin & Myosin
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| Thin myofilaments | Actin
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| Thick myofilaments | Myosin
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| Sarcomere | Basic structural and functional unity of the muscle
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| I bands are | Light
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| A bands are | Dark
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| H zone | contains Myosin
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| Resting Membrane potential | Charge difference across the membrane
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| Action Potential | Brief reversal back of the charge
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| Motor Neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers
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| Neuromusclular Junction | Synapse near the center of the cell
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| Motor unit | Single motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibers it innervates
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| Presynaptic Terminal | Enlarged nerve terminal
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| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter
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| Acetylcholinesterase | Enzymes that break down acetylcholine
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| Muscle Contraction Occurs when | As actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another.
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| Sliding Filament Mechanism | Sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction
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| Muscle Twitch | Contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers
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| Time of contraction | Contraction phase
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| Relaxation Phase | Time during which the muscle relaxes.
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| Tetany | Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing
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| Recruitment | The increase in the number of motor units being activated
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| ATP is needed for | Energy for muscle contraction
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| ATP is produced in the | Mitochondria
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| ATP is | Short-lived and unstable
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| ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate
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| Anaerobic Respiration | Without oxygen
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| Aerobic Respiration | With Oxygen
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| Oxygen Debt | Amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose.
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| Muscle Fatigue | When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the fibers.
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| 2 types of muscle contractions | Isometric & Isotonic
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| Isometric | Equal distance
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| Isotonic | Equal Tension
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| Muscle Tone | Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time.
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| Muscle Tone keeps | Head up and Back straight
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| Fast-Twitch | Contract quickly and fatigue quickly
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| Slow-Twitch | Contracts slowly and more resistant to fatigue
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| Origin | (Head) most stationary end of the muscle
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| Insertion | Is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest moment.
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| Belly is located | Between origin and the insertion
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| Synergist | Muscles that work together
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| Antagonist | Muscles that work in opposition
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| Prime Mover | Muscle that plays major role
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| Nomenclature | Shape,Size,Orientation of fibers, shape,origin,insertion,and function.
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| Occipitofrontalis | Raises eyebrows
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| Orbicularis Oris | Puckers
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| Buccinator | Flattens cheeks
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| Zyogomaticus | Smiling
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| Levatorlabii | Sneering
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| Deppressor Anguliaris | Frowning
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| Mastication | Chewing
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| Two muscles of the tongue | Intrinic and Extrinic
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| Intrinic | Changes the shape
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| Extrinic | Moves
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| Neck: Sternocle Idamastiod | Rotates and extends head
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| Neck: Tarticallis | Twisted neck; Wry neck
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| Trapezius | Rotates scapula
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| Serratus Anterior | Pulls scapula anteriorly
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| Pectoralis major | Adducts and flexes the arm
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| Latissimus dorsi | Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles”
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| Triceps brachii | Extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm.
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| Biceps brachii | Flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm.
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| Brachialis | Flexes forearm
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| Brachioradialis | Flexes and supinates the forearm
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| Retinaculum (bracelet) | Strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not “bowstring” during muscle contraction.
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| Flexor carpi | Flexes the wrist.
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| Extensor carpi | Extends the wrist
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| Flexor digitorum | Flexes the fingers.
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| Extensor digitorum | Extends the fingers.
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| 19 hand muscles called the | Intrinsic hand muscles
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| Interossi muscles, located between | Metacarpals
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| Interossi muscles are responsible for | Responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers.
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| Gluteus maximus | Buttocks
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| Quadriceps femoris | Extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles
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| Sartorius | “Tailors muscle”; flexes the thigh
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| Hamstring | Posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh.
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| peroneus muscles | Lateral muscles of the leg
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| 20 muscles located within the foot | Intrinsic foot muscles
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| The arm is attached to the thorax by the | Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles.
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| Pectoralis major | Adducts and flexes the arm
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| Latissimus dorsi | Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles”
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| Deltoid | Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb.
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| External intercostals | Elevate the ribs during inspiration.
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| Internal intercostals | Contract during forced expiration.
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| Diaphragm – accomplishes | Quiet breathing.
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| Dome-shaped muscle | Aids in breathing.
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| Serratus anterior | Pulls scapula anteriorly
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| Trapezius | Rotates scapula
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