Chapter 6 muscles
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| Contractility. | The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force.
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| Excitability. | The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus.
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| Extensibility. | The ability to be stretched.
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| Elasticity. | Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched.
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| The skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called? | The epimysium.
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| Another connective tissue located outside epimysium, surrounds and separates muscles. | Fascia.
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| Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi. | Perimysium.
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| Threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. | Myofibirils.
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| 2 major kinds of protein fibers. | Actin, and myosin.
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| Basic structural and fuctional unity of a muscle. | Sacromere.
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| Charge distance across the membrane. | Resting membrane potential.
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| Brief reversal back of the charge. | Action potential.
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. | Motor neurons.
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| Branch that connects to muscles. | Neuromusclular junction or synapse.
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| Single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates. | Motor Unit.
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| Enlarged nerve terminal. | Presynaptic terminal.
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| Space between presynaptic terminal and muscle cell. | Synaptic cleft.
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| Actin slides past myosin during contraction. | Sliding filament mechanism.
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| Contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus. | Muscle twitch.
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| Level the muscle fiber responds to stimulus. | Threshold.
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| Muscle fiber contacts maximally. | All-or-None response.
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| Time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of a contraction. | Lag phase.
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| Time of contraction. | Contraction phase.
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| Time during the muscle relaxes. | Relaxation phase.
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| Muscle remains contracted without relaxing. | Tetany.
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| Increase in number of motor units being activiated. | Recruitment.
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| ATP full name. | Adenosine triphosphate.
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| Where ATP is produced | Mitochondria.
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| ATP degenerates to. | ADP
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| ADP full name | Adenosine diphosphate.
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| Another high-energy molecule. | Creatine phosphate.
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| Anaerobic respiration. | Occurs without oxygen.
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| Aerobic respiration. | Occurs with oxygen.
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| Amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose. | Oxygen debt.
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| When ATP is used faster than produced. | Muscle fatigue.
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| Length of muscle does not change, amount of tension increases. | Isometric.
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| Tension is constant, but length changes. | Isotonic.
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| Constant tension produced by muscles of body for long periods of time. | Muscle Tone.
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| Contracts quickly and fatigues quickly. | Fast-twitch fibers.
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| Contracts more slowly and more resistant to fatigue. | Slow-twitch fibers.
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| Most stationary end of the muscle. | The origin.
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| End of muscle undergoing greatest movement. | Insertion.
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| Portion of muscle between origin and insertion. | Belly.
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| Some muscles have multiple of | Origins.
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. | Synergists.
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| Muscles that work in opposition to one another. | Antagonists.
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| If one muscles plays major role in accomplishing desired movement. | Prime mover.
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| What muscles help produce. | Heat.
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| Muscle is composed of visible bundles called. | Fasciculi.
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| Cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with. | Myofibrils(2)
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| Sacromeres are formed by. | Actin and myosin myofilaments.
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| Sacromere extends to and from. | Z line to Z line.
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| Light area around Z line | I band.
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| I band consists of. | Actin.
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| Darker region in sacromere. | A band.
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| Light area in center of sacromere. | H zone.
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| H zone consists of. | Myosin.
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| Dark straining band in center of a sacromere. | M line.
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| M line is. | myosin myofilaments.
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| Charge of outside of most cell membranes. | Positive.
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| Charge of inside cell membrane. | Negative.
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| synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter called. | Acetylcholine.
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| Fixators. | Specialized synergists, holds a bone still or stabilize origin of a prime mover.
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| Tongue Muscles. | Intrensic, Extrensic.
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| 4 Muscle Functions | Produces Movement, Maintains posture, stabilizes joints, and generates heat.
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| Important Muscle Fiber organelle. | Sacroplasmic Reticulum.
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| What axons branch into. | Axon Terminal.
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| Fusiform. | A modification of the parallel arrangement.
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| Muscle that covers the frontal bone. | Frontalis.
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| Zygomaticus. | Smiling muscle.
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| Two-headed muscles. | Sternocleidomastoid.
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| Pectoralis Major. | Large fan-shaped muscle covering upper part of chest.
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| Upper limb muscle groups. | Arm, Forearm, Wrist.
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| Lower limb muscle groups. | Thigh, Leg, Ankle
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| 3 Trunk muscles. | Pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, external oblique.
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