Human Anatomy
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| CYTOLOGY | STUDY OF CELLS
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| CYTOPLASM | FLUID THAT SURROUNDS THE ORGANELLES; CYTOSOL IS INSIDE IT
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| CYTOSOL | SUBSTANCE INSIDE CYTOPLASM; IT CONTAINS DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES LIKE O2 AND CO2, CARBOHYDRATES AND IONS
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| PLASMA MEMBRANE | JELLY LIKE SUBSTANCE; FUNCTION: creates a barrier by separating cytoplasm from the "External" environment. Regulates what enters/leaves from a cell. Structure: phospholipid bilayer
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| PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER | 2 layers. Embedded into the Phospholipd layer is "protein"(proteins controls what leave and enters the cells.
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| PASSIVE PROCESS | Doesn't require energy.
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| ACTIVE PROCESS | Does require energy
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| DIFFUSION | Movement of dissolvable substances (from High to Low)
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| OSMOSIS | Movement of H20 from High to Low
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| VESICULAR TRANSPORT | Type of Active Transport; (vesicles-small sacs with a membrane wall)
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| Exocytosis | substances going OUT of cells
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| Endocytosis | Substances Entering the cells
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| Phagocytosis | special type of Endocytosis
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| Organelles | Cell organs; 2 types: membrane and non-membrane bound
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| Cytoskeleton | Supports the cell that helps to maintain its shape
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| 3 Filaments of Cytoskeleton | Micro Filaments, Inter mediate, MicroTubules
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| MicroFilaments | Thinnest Filament
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| InterMediate | Thicker Filament
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| MicroTubules | Thickest Filament
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| Centrioles | Small sections of Microtubules; Function: holds plasma membrane to Cytoplasm. Act as tracks which organelles move along but doesn't allow Plasma Membrane. to pass through.
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| Ribosomes | Protieins used to make Protiens. Translates(convert) RNA from nucleus into Protiens.
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| Free Ribosome | Floats in Cytoplasm
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| Mitochondria | Kidney Shaped; Creates surface area. This is where O2 & glucose is used to make ATP by a process called Cellular Respiration.
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| Christae | Folds~~
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| ATP (used for energy) | Adenosine Tri Phosphate
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Ribosomes are Attached; Proteins synthesized(created) at Ribosomes enter Rough E.R and gets modified
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Ribosomes are not Attached; Involved in Protien Synthesis;Synthesizes lipids, Carbohydrates, Store calcium ions, Detoxify Toxins
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| Golgi Apparatus | Stores, Packages and Transports
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| Rough and Smooth ER | Series of membranous sacs Flattened
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| Lysosome | ("LY-SOL") cleaner upper of the cell with digestive enzymes; Consumes cell debris and Old organelles.
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| Nucleus | Contains Nucleolus; Surrounded by nuclear membrane; Most cells have nucliei RBC's doesn't.
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| Nuclear Envelope | Double membrane
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| Nuclear Pores | Holes in Nuclear Envelope
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| What makes Protiens? | Amino Acids (in Nucleus)
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| Nucleolus | condensed of RNA and DNA where Ribosomes are made; It contains the DNA code contained in 23 pairs of chromosomes. DNA codes for RNA
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| Microvilli | Projections of Plasma Mem.; Contains Cytoplasm.
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| Functions of Microvilli | Increases Surface Area; Example: Microvilli in small intestine makes space for food.
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| Cilia | Protien Filaments beats in a Particular direction; Example: Respiratory Tract. moves mucus and particles in a particular direction.
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| Flagella (____,...) | Long Protien Filament that gives the sperm mobility
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| Homeostasis | Maintaining Equilibrium; Negative Feedback= what goes up must come down: temp, ph etc} Positive Feed back=what goes up must go up: Already bleeding and More bleeding occurs so that leukocytes can heal a wound.
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Created by:
Lee
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