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The Cell
Human Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CYTOLOGY | STUDY OF CELLS |
| CYTOPLASM | FLUID THAT SURROUNDS THE ORGANELLES; CYTOSOL IS INSIDE IT |
| CYTOSOL | SUBSTANCE INSIDE CYTOPLASM; IT CONTAINS DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES LIKE O2 AND CO2, CARBOHYDRATES AND IONS |
| PLASMA MEMBRANE | JELLY LIKE SUBSTANCE; FUNCTION: creates a barrier by separating cytoplasm from the "External" environment. Regulates what enters/leaves from a cell. Structure: phospholipid bilayer |
| PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER | 2 layers. Embedded into the Phospholipd layer is "protein"(proteins controls what leave and enters the cells. |
| PASSIVE PROCESS | Doesn't require energy. |
| ACTIVE PROCESS | Does require energy |
| DIFFUSION | Movement of dissolvable substances (from High to Low) |
| OSMOSIS | Movement of H20 from High to Low |
| VESICULAR TRANSPORT | Type of Active Transport; (vesicles-small sacs with a membrane wall) |
| Exocytosis | substances going OUT of cells |
| Endocytosis | Substances Entering the cells |
| Phagocytosis | special type of Endocytosis |
| Organelles | Cell organs; 2 types: membrane and non-membrane bound |
| Cytoskeleton | Supports the cell that helps to maintain its shape |
| 3 Filaments of Cytoskeleton | Micro Filaments, Inter mediate, MicroTubules |
| MicroFilaments | Thinnest Filament |
| InterMediate | Thicker Filament |
| MicroTubules | Thickest Filament |
| Centrioles | Small sections of Microtubules; Function: holds plasma membrane to Cytoplasm. Act as tracks which organelles move along but doesn't allow Plasma Membrane. to pass through. |
| Ribosomes | Protieins used to make Protiens. Translates(convert) RNA from nucleus into Protiens. |
| Free Ribosome | Floats in Cytoplasm |
| Mitochondria | Kidney Shaped; Creates surface area. This is where O2 & glucose is used to make ATP by a process called Cellular Respiration. |
| Christae | Folds~~ |
| ATP (used for energy) | Adenosine Tri Phosphate |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Ribosomes are Attached; Proteins synthesized(created) at Ribosomes enter Rough E.R and gets modified |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Ribosomes are not Attached; Involved in Protien Synthesis;Synthesizes lipids, Carbohydrates, Store calcium ions, Detoxify Toxins |
| Golgi Apparatus | Stores, Packages and Transports |
| Rough and Smooth ER | Series of membranous sacs Flattened |
| Lysosome | ("LY-SOL") cleaner upper of the cell with digestive enzymes; Consumes cell debris and Old organelles. |
| Nucleus | Contains Nucleolus; Surrounded by nuclear membrane; Most cells have nucliei RBC's doesn't. |
| Nuclear Envelope | Double membrane |
| Nuclear Pores | Holes in Nuclear Envelope |
| What makes Protiens? | Amino Acids (in Nucleus) |
| Nucleolus | condensed of RNA and DNA where Ribosomes are made; It contains the DNA code contained in 23 pairs of chromosomes. DNA codes for RNA |
| Microvilli | Projections of Plasma Mem.; Contains Cytoplasm. |
| Functions of Microvilli | Increases Surface Area; Example: Microvilli in small intestine makes space for food. |
| Cilia | Protien Filaments beats in a Particular direction; Example: Respiratory Tract. moves mucus and particles in a particular direction. |
| Flagella (____,...) | Long Protien Filament that gives the sperm mobility |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining Equilibrium; Negative Feedback= what goes up must come down: temp, ph etc} Positive Feed back=what goes up must go up: Already bleeding and More bleeding occurs so that leukocytes can heal a wound. |
Created by:
Lee
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