Intro to neuroscience
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| Collection of neurons within the PNS | ganglion
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| Slipper-shaped plate of thickened ectoderm, lying over notochord | neural plate
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| Neural plate invaginates along its central axis to from this | neural groove
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| Raised border of neural groove are known as | neural folds
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| By end of the 3rd week neural folds move closer together and fuse in the midline forming | neural tube
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| Formatoin of the neural tube begins in this region and progresses in what direction(s) | cervical, cranial and caudal
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| This embryonic structure gives rise to the brain and the spinal cord | neural tube
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| Neuroectodermal cells lying at the tip of neural folds separate from neighboring cells and migrate to sides of neural tube forming these cells | neural crest cells
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| Name 5 things derived from neural crest cells | sensory ganglion and crainal nerves, autonomic ganglion, schwann cells, menniges of the brain and spinal cord, melanocytes, suprarenal medulla, and some skeletal and muscle components of the head
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| Cephalic end of neural tube gives rise to 3 dilatations, or primary brain vesicles...what are they | prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon
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| The prosencephalon corresponds to what embryologic structure | forebrain
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| The mesencephalon correlates to what embroylogic structure | midbrain
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| The rhombencephalon correlates to what embryologic structure | hindbrain
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| The prosencephalon is further divied into | telencephalon and diencephalon
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| The rhombencephalon is further divided into | metencephalon and myelencephalon
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| The telencephalon relates to what brain region | cerebral hemispheres
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| The diencephalon relates to what brain region(s) | thalamus and hypothalamus
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| The metencephalon relates to what brain region(s) | pons and cerebellum
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| The myelencephalon relates to what brain region(s) | medulla oblongata
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| Cavity of the rhombencephalon | 4th ventricle
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| Cavity of the mesencephalon | cerebral aquaduct (aqueduct of Sylvius)
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| Cavity of the diencephalon | 3rd ventricle
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| Cavity of the telencephalon | lateral ventricles
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| Rough endoplasmic reticulum forms prominent clumps in the neuronal cytoplasm know as | Nissl bodies
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| Nissl bodies are found in what part(s) of neurons | cell body (soma) and dentrites
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| Transports molecules and organelles from cell body to distal end of axon | anterograde axonal transport
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| Returns used or worn out materials to cell body for restoration, transports materials taken up by endocytosis | retrograde axonal transport
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| Multilayered phosopholipid sheath formed by supporting cells | myelin
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| The most important characteristic of myelin is | increase conduction velocity of nerve impulses
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| This type of neuron gives rise to a single cell process which divides into periphral and central processes | unipolar neuron
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| Unipolar neurons are found in what location(s) | sensory ganglion and some cranial nerves
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| This type of neuron's cells body gives rise to 1 axon and 1 dendrite | bipolar neuron
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| Bipolar neurons are found in what location(s) | retina and ganglion of the vestibulocochlear nerve
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| This type of neuron's cell body gives rise to 1 axon and 2 or more dendrites | multipolar neuron
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| This type of neurons lies entirely with in CNS and establishes neuronal circuits between sonsory and motor neurons and between other neurons like them | interneurons
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| This type of fiber carries impulses from the periphral receptors to the CNS | afferent(sensory)
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| This type of fiber carries impulses from the CNS to periphral effectors | efferent(motor)
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| Groups of neuronal cell bodies with similar anatomical connections and functions within the CNS | nuclei (grey matter)
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| Groups of axons that have similar origin, termination, and course and transmit the same type of information | tracts
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| A series of neurons designed to carry a specific type of information from one site to another(e.g. periphral receptors to cerebral cortex, from peripheral receptors to cerebellum) | pathway
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| Term used to define the crossing of major ascending and descending tracts to the opposite side within the CNS | decussation
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| This type of cell lines the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord | ependymal cells
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| This type of cell are phagocytes that engulf debris resulting from injuries, infections, or disease in the CNS | mircoglial cells
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| This type of cells has processes that reach the surface of the brain and spinal cord and form a protective covering (external limiting membrane or glial membrane) | astrocytes
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| This type of cell assists in the blood-brain barrier and assists with electrolyte balance of the CNS | astrocytes
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| This type of cell removes neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft and produces trophic factors necessary for neuronal survival, also forms scars after CNS injury | astrocytes
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| This type of cell is involved in formation and maintenance of myelin in the CNS | oligodendrocytes
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| One oligodendrocyte forms myelin around one or many axons in the CNS? | many (40-50)
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| This cell is involved in the formation and maintenance of myelin in the PNS, and maintains how many axons? | Schwann cell (part of 1 axon)
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| This type of cell surround neuronal cell bodies in the sensory and autonomic ganglion | Capsular (Satellite) cells
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justice2
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