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Euro Ch 13,14,15 Test

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Question
Answer
copernicus's major contributions + major work   heliocentric universe, on the revolutions of heavenly spheres  
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what were keplers major contributions   paths of planets are elliptical not circular, publicized cop's ideas  
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keplers major work   new astronomy  
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brahe's contributions   researched + supported earth centered universe, lots of data, made instruments  
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galileos major contributions   saw new stars + moons through telescope, and publicized through social standing, universe subject to math  
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galileos major works   starry messenger, letters on sunspots  
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newtons contributions   father of physics, laws of gravity, empiricism  
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what is empiricism   one must observe phenomena before trying to explain them  
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Newtons major work   Principia mathematica  
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Bacon's major contributions   father of empiricism  
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descartes major contributions   developed scientific method (deductive reasoning) beyond empiricism  
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descarted major work. what did he write in it   discourse on method. rejected scholasticism and advocated math  
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what 2 categories did descartes divide the world   thinking things (mind) and things occupying space (body)  
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what was hobbes view of human nature   extremely dark, humans are selfish  
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what was hobbes political view   advocated absolute monarchy  
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what is hobbes famous work   leviathan  
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what is john lockes view on human nature   its good, have natural rights to liberty  
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what is lockes view on politics   people have right to overthrow if ruler becomes tyrant`  
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Lockes famous works   first and second treatise of civil gov, letters concerning toleration  
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how did the united provinces of netherlands become a nation   after successfully revolting against spain  
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who is prince william III of orange   stadtholder (hereditary chief) of the most important province Holland  
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How did the Netherlands differ from the rest of europe   other nations had monarchies, netherlands was a republic where states had power  
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What 4 factors was Dutch economic achievement built upon?   Urban life, Farming Trade (fishing, textiles, shipping), Overseas Empire (gained control through spice trade in Asia)  
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why did netherlands decline?   lost central authority and became disunited  
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2 models of government in england; france   parliamentary monarchy; absolutism  
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why did these models of government arise?   cost of warfare was high and only these types of governments succeeded in raising enough money  
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who was James I? describe political policies and religious policies   ruled after elizabeth, from scotland, wanted anglicanisms so faces problems with puritans and was anti-parliament  
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what was Charlies I view on parliament? what did he want for religion   anti, religious conformity  
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what was the petition of right   parliament has to approve taxes, no unfair imprisonment, no quartering of troops in private homes  
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why did the english civil war start   parliament wouldnt give funds to charles's war in scotland, so he built his own army and parliament built their own army  
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2 factors that allowed parliament to win the civil war   alliance with scotland + leadership of oliver cromwell  
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