Anatomy Mid Term Chapters 1-11
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| To properly reconnect the disconnected bones of a human skeleton, you would need to have a good understanding of? | anatomy
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| Which of the following best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of organizational complexity? | chemical-->cellular-->tissue-->organ-->system -->organismal
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| Homeostasis is defined as what? | The tendency to maintain constant, favorable internal body conditions.
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| The part of a feedback system that receives the input and generates the output command is the | control center
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| An itch in your axillary region would cause you to scratch | your armpit
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| If you were facing a person who is in the correct anatomical position, you could observe the | crural region
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| Where would you look for the femoral artery? | thigh
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| The right ear is ___ to the right nostril. | lateral
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| Your chin is ___ in relation to your lips. | inferior
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| Your skull is ___ in relation to your brain. | superficial
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| A magician is about to separate his assistant’s body into superior and inferior portions. The plane through which he will pass his magic wand is the | transverse
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| Which statement is NOT true of body cavities? | The organs in the cranial and vertebral cavities are called viscera.
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| To expose the heart for open heart surgery, the surgeon would need to cut through the | pericardial cavity
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| To find the urinary bladder, you would look in the | pubic region
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| Which of the following body systems(s) is(are) the primary controller(s) of homeostasis? | nervous & endocrine
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| The nucleus of an atom contains | protons and neutrons.
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| What type of bonds are created by atoms giving away and taking electrons? | Ionic bonds
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| Combining atoms of two or more different elements results in a(n) | compound
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| Matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions is known as | a chemical element.
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| Chlorine (Cl) has an atomic number of 17. An atom of chlorine may become a chloride ion (Cl-) by | gaining one electron.
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| (T/F) A solution that has a pH of 9.4 is acidic. | FALSE
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| The type of reaction by which a disaccharide is formed from two monosaccharides is known as a | dehydration synthesis reaction.
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| Which of the following contains the genetic code in human cells? | DNA
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| What is the principal energy-transferring molecule in the body? | ATP
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| (T/F) Water helps lubricate a variety of structures in the body. | TRUE
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| The difference in H+ concentration between solutions with a pH of 3 and a pH of 5 is that the solution with the pH of 3 has ___ H+. | 100 times more
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| (T/F) All proteins are enzymes. | FALSE
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| Which type of lipid is the least desirable for maintaining good health? | saturated fat
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| If an enzyme is exposed to an extremely high temperature, it will | denature.
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| In what form are lipids stored in the adipose (fat) tissue of the body? | triglycerides
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| Approximately 96% of your body’s mass is composed of only what four elements. | C-H-O-N
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| Which of the following organic compounds are NOT paired with their correct subunits (building blocks)? | proteins/monosaccarides
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| If the extracellular fluid contains a greater concentration of solutes than the cytosol of the cell, the extracellular fluid is said to be? | Hypertonic
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| The proteins found in the plasma membrane are primarily? | glycoproteins
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| To enter many body cells, glucose must bind to a specific membrane carrier protein, which assists glucose to cross the membrane without using ATP. This type of movement is known as? | Facilitated Diffusion
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| A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution undergoes? | hemolysis
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| Many white blood cells engulf bacteria through? | Phagocytosis
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| Which organelles are involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide int he liver? | Peroxisomes
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| What process requires ATP? | active transport
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| Nicotine in cigarette smoke interferes with the ability of cells to rid the breathing passageways of debris. Which organelles are "paralyzed" by nicotine? | cilia
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| Many proteins found in the plasma membrane are formed by the ___ and packaged by the ___? | ribosomes, Golgi complex
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| If the smooth ER were destroyed, a cell would not be able to? | synthesis fatty acids and steroids.
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| Water moves into and out of red blood cells through? | osmosis
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| A cell undergoing mitosis goes through the following stages in which sequence? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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| Transcription involves | copying information contained in DNA to mRNA
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| If a DNA strand has a nitrogenous base sequence TACGA, then the sequence of bases on the corresponding mRNA would be | AUGCU
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| In what phase is a cell highly active and growing? | interphase
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| Movement of materials into and out of the nucleus is controlled by the? | nuclear pores
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| What type of tissue covers and lines the body and its parts? | Epithelial
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| Epithelial tissue can be classified according to the ___ and ___ of its cells? | shape, arrangement
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| Associated with the inner lining of some joints between bones are what type of membranes? | synovial
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| The presence of ___ in a tissue allos stretching and ability to return to the original shape. | elastic fibers
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| (T/F) Except for cartilage, connective tissue has a rich blood supply? | TRUE
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| The interior of your nose is lined with? | a mucous membrane
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| In the repair of tissue, scar tissue appears when? | fibroblasts secrete extracellular materials and collagen
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| Which is NOT true concerning epithelial tissue? | epithelial tissue is well supplied with blood vessels.
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| The hair structure that responds to touch is the? | root plexus
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| What changes when exposed to ultraviolet radiation of the sun? | skin coloration
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| In which portion of the skin will you find dermal papillae? | superficial region of the dermis
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| If you pricked your fingertip with a needle, the first layer of epidermis you penertrate is? | stratum corneum
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| A connective tissue with a liquid extracellular matrix is | blood
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| The four main types of tissue are | connective, epithelial, muscular, and nervous.
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| Which of the following materials would NOT be found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue? | keratin
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| Which connective tissue cells secrete antibodies? | plasma cells
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| Modified columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus are ___ cells. | goblet
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| Which tissue forms the bulk of the heart wall? | cardiac muscle
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| Stratified squamous epithelium functions mainly to perform what function? | protection
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| What tissue type is found in tendons? | dense regular connective tissue
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| In what tissue type would you find stores of calcium and phosphorus? | bone
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| Which of the following statements is true concerning glandular tissue? | Endocrine gland secretions diffuse into the bloodstream; exocrine gland secretions enter ducts.
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| The red or pink tones seen in some skin are due to | hemoglobin in the blood moving through capillaries in the dermis.
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| When you have your hair cut, scissors are cutting through the hair ___. | shaft
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| Which of the following is NOT true concerning eccrine sweat glands? | They produce a viscous secretion.
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| Which tissue is the main type found in the deeper region of the dermis? | dense irregular connective
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| Which of the following is NOT DIRECTLY a function of skin? | calcium production
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| Which of the following is NOT true concerning hair? | Hirsutism is another name for male-pattern baldness.
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| Sebaceous glands ___. | secrete an oily substance
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| As keratinocytes in the stratum basale are pushed toward the skin’s surface, they ___. | begin to die
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| To activate vitamin D, the skin cells need to be exposed to ___. | ultraviolet light
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| To prevent an unwanted hair from growing back, you must destroy the ___. | hair matrix
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| Aging can result in ___. | a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands
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| The portion of the nail that is responsible for nail growth is the ___. | nail matrix
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| Which of the following is NOT an accessory structure of the skin? | dermal papillae
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| What is the response by effectors when the body temperature is elevated? | Sweat glands increase production of sweat.
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| If you were giong to design a hollow organ that needed to expand and have stretchability, which pithelial and connective tissue would you use? | transitional epithelium an delastic connective tissue
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| (T/F) Epithelial tissue is well supplied with blood vessels? | FALSE
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| If hands are not properly position when performing CPR there is a risk of fracturing which bony part? | xiphoid process of the sternum
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| The ribs articulate with the | thoracic vertebrae
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| The presence of an epiphyseal line in a long bone indicates that the bone | has stopped growing in length
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| The hyoid bone is unique because it | does not articulate with any other bone
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| The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the | clavicle and scapula
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| The main hormone that regulates the Ca2+ balance between bone and blood is | parathyroid hormone
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| Which of the following does NOT describe spongy bone? | diaphyses of long bones
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| In which of the following individuals might you expect to find the smallest bone mass? | 80-year-old bedridden female
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| What is the shape of the humerus? | long
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| What is the shape of the carpus? | short
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| What is the shape of the vertebra? | irregular
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| What is the shape of the sternum? | flat
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| Where long bones form joints, the epiphyses are covered with | hyaline cartilage
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| What substance in bone contributes to its tensile strength? | collagen
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| The skeletal system is responsible for? | All of the above
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| A joint that has a ___ fit offers a great amount of movement and is ___ likely to become dislocated. | loose, more
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| An example of a fibrous joint in which the bones are immovable in an adult is | suture
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| Pulling out a tooth would disarticulate which type of joint? | gomphosis
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| Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? | helps to strengthen the joint
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| Articular cartilage and bursae would most likely be found in which of the following? | the knee
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| At the synovial joint, the articulating bones are held together and strengthened by the | articular capsule
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| The joints between the vertebrae and the joint between the hip bones are examples of which joint type? | symphysis
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| Which of the following diarthrotic joints allows for the greatest degree of movement? | ball-and-socket joint
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| As your leg moves in the most anterior position to kick a ball, the femur will be ___ and the knee ___? | flexed; extended
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| Shaking your head to indicate "yes" involves ___; moving your head to indicate "no" involves ___? | flexion and extention; rotation
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| In the anatomical position, the palms are | supinated
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| A fluid-filled sac found between skin and bone that helps reduce friction between the skin and bone is a | bursa
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| Moving the mandible for chewing involves | depression and elevation
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| The sarcolemma of muscle cells is equivalent to the ___ of other cells. | plasma membrane
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| The connective tissue component that surrounds fascicles is the? | perimysium
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| Which of the following statements about skeletal muscle tissue is NOT true? | Skeletal muscle fibers contain gap junctions that help conduct action potentials from one fiber to another.
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| The reddish color of slow oxidative and fast oxidative-glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers is due to? | the large amount of myoglobin
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| You begin an intensive weightlifting plan bc you want to enter a weightlifting contest. During the activity your skeletal muscles will obtain energy (ATP) primarily through? | anaerobic glycolysis
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| Muscle contractions are smooth, coordinated movements because of ? | motor unit recruitment
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| When ATP in the sarcoplasm is exhausted, the muscle must rely on ___ to quickly produce more ATP from ADP for contraction. | creatine phosphate
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| A motor unit consists of? | a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates
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| Thick filaments? | have myosin heads used for the power stroke.
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| The chemical that prevents the continuous stimulation of a muscle fiber is | acetyl cholinesterase
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| Which of the following is NOT associated with muscle fatigue? | decrease in lactic acid levels
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| Which of the following binds to Ca2+ ? | troponin
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| Skeletal muscles are named using several characteristics. Which characteristic is NOT used to name skeletal muscles? | speed of contraction
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| What would happen if ATP were suddenly unavailable after the sarcomere had begun to shorten? | The myosin heads would be unable to detach from actin.
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| Which of the following are incorrectly matched? | autonomic nervous system: includes parasympathetic, sympathetic, an denteric divisions
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| The release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles is dependent on the presence of ___ in the synaptic end bulb. | calcium
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| The type of cell that produces myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS is the? | oligodendrocyte
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| White matter in the CNS is a ? | tract
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| Which of the following is NOT true concerning the repair of nervous tissue? | If the cell body is not damaged, neurons the in the CNS may be able to repair themselves.
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| In a resting neuron | the sodium-potassium pumps help maintain the low concentration of Na+ inside the cell.
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| In the depolarization phase of a nerve impulse, voltage-gated ion channels open, resulting in a(n)? | rush of Na+ into the neuron.
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| If a stimulus is strong enough to generate an action potential, the impulse generated is of a constant size. A stronger stimulus cannot generate a larger impulse. This is known as? | the all-or-none principle
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| Saltatory conduction occurs | at the nodes of Ranvier
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| The speed of nerve impulse conduction is increased by | myelination
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| For a signal to be transmitted by means of a chemical synapse from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron | the postsynaptic neuron must contain neurotransmitter receptors
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| What would happen at the postsynaptic neuron if the total inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitters were greater than the total excitatory effects? | No nerve impulse would be generated.
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| Which of the following would carry sensory nerve impulses? | spinothalamic tract
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| The basal nuclei | help regulate muscle tone needed for specific movements.
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| Carpal tunnel syndrome is due to damage to a nerve in the | brachial plexus
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| Axons of the lower motor neurons leave the CNS through the | brain stem and spinal cord
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| Which of the following statements about the blood supply to the brain is NOT true? | The glucose brought to he brain can be stored for future use
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| After a car accident, Joe exhibits severe dizziness, difficulty in walking, and slurred speech. He may have damaged his | cerebellum
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| Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid? | conduction of nerve impulses
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| Which part of the brain contains the centers that control the heart rate and breathing rhythm? | medulla
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| The part of the brain that serves as a primary link between the nervous and endocrine system is the | hypothalamus
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| Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? | coordinates the startle reflex
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| The part(s) of the brain concerned with memory, reasoning, judgment, and intelligence is(are) the | association areas
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| A broad band of white matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the | corpus callosum
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| The ringing of your alarm clock in the morning wakes you up by stimulating your | reticular activating system
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| Which lobe contains primary visual area that allows interpretation of shape and color | occipital lobe
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| Which lobe receives impulses for smell | temporal lobe
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| Which lobe contains primary motor area that controls muscle movement | frontal lobe
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| Which lobe receives sensory impulses for touch, pain, and temperature | parietal lobe
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| When entering a restaurant, you are bombarded with many different sensory stimuli. The part of the brain that combines all of those sensory inputs so that you can respond appropriately is the | common integrative area
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| Which cranial nerves contain only sensory fibers? | optic and olfactory
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| Which cranial nerve(s) help(s) control swallowing? | glossopharyngeal, bagus, hypoglossal
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| The sympathetic division of the ANS is also called the | thoracolumbar division
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| The output portion of the ANS includes | two motor neurons and one ganglion
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| (T/T) Sympathetic effects are more localized and short-lived than parasympathetic effects. | FALSE
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| Which of the following pairs is mismatched | norepinephrine : parasympathetic nervous system
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| Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the autonomic nervous system? | sensory neurons include pre- and postganglionic neurons
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| Which part of the central nervous system regulates autonomic tone? | hypothalamus
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| Which of the following activities would NOT be monitored by autonomic sensory neurons? | hearing and equilibrium
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| The autonomic ganglia that are located near the innervated organs are | terminal ganglia
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| (T/F) The parasympathetic division initiates responses in a greganglionic neuron that synapses with 20 or more postganglionic neurons | FALSE
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| Which nerve carries most of the parasympathetic output from the brain? | vagus
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| Which of the following neurons release norepinephrine? | sympathetic postganglionic neurons
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| Which of the following would NOT be affected by the autonomic nervous system? | skeletal muscle
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