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ANT Mid Term
Anatomy Mid Term Chapters 1-11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| To properly reconnect the disconnected bones of a human skeleton, you would need to have a good understanding of? | anatomy |
| Which of the following best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of organizational complexity? | chemical-->cellular-->tissue-->organ-->system -->organismal |
| Homeostasis is defined as what? | The tendency to maintain constant, favorable internal body conditions. |
| The part of a feedback system that receives the input and generates the output command is the | control center |
| An itch in your axillary region would cause you to scratch | your armpit |
| If you were facing a person who is in the correct anatomical position, you could observe the | crural region |
| Where would you look for the femoral artery? | thigh |
| The right ear is ___ to the right nostril. | lateral |
| Your chin is ___ in relation to your lips. | inferior |
| Your skull is ___ in relation to your brain. | superficial |
| A magician is about to separate his assistant’s body into superior and inferior portions. The plane through which he will pass his magic wand is the | transverse |
| Which statement is NOT true of body cavities? | The organs in the cranial and vertebral cavities are called viscera. |
| To expose the heart for open heart surgery, the surgeon would need to cut through the | pericardial cavity |
| To find the urinary bladder, you would look in the | pubic region |
| Which of the following body systems(s) is(are) the primary controller(s) of homeostasis? | nervous & endocrine |
| The nucleus of an atom contains | protons and neutrons. |
| What type of bonds are created by atoms giving away and taking electrons? | Ionic bonds |
| Combining atoms of two or more different elements results in a(n) | compound |
| Matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions is known as | a chemical element. |
| Chlorine (Cl) has an atomic number of 17. An atom of chlorine may become a chloride ion (Cl-) by | gaining one electron. |
| (T/F) A solution that has a pH of 9.4 is acidic. | FALSE |
| The type of reaction by which a disaccharide is formed from two monosaccharides is known as a | dehydration synthesis reaction. |
| Which of the following contains the genetic code in human cells? | DNA |
| What is the principal energy-transferring molecule in the body? | ATP |
| (T/F) Water helps lubricate a variety of structures in the body. | TRUE |
| The difference in H+ concentration between solutions with a pH of 3 and a pH of 5 is that the solution with the pH of 3 has ___ H+. | 100 times more |
| (T/F) All proteins are enzymes. | FALSE |
| Which type of lipid is the least desirable for maintaining good health? | saturated fat |
| If an enzyme is exposed to an extremely high temperature, it will | denature. |
| In what form are lipids stored in the adipose (fat) tissue of the body? | triglycerides |
| Approximately 96% of your body’s mass is composed of only what four elements. | C-H-O-N |
| Which of the following organic compounds are NOT paired with their correct subunits (building blocks)? | proteins/monosaccarides |
| If the extracellular fluid contains a greater concentration of solutes than the cytosol of the cell, the extracellular fluid is said to be? | Hypertonic |
| The proteins found in the plasma membrane are primarily? | glycoproteins |
| To enter many body cells, glucose must bind to a specific membrane carrier protein, which assists glucose to cross the membrane without using ATP. This type of movement is known as? | Facilitated Diffusion |
| A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution undergoes? | hemolysis |
| Many white blood cells engulf bacteria through? | Phagocytosis |
| Which organelles are involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide int he liver? | Peroxisomes |
| What process requires ATP? | active transport |
| Nicotine in cigarette smoke interferes with the ability of cells to rid the breathing passageways of debris. Which organelles are "paralyzed" by nicotine? | cilia |
| Many proteins found in the plasma membrane are formed by the ___ and packaged by the ___? | ribosomes, Golgi complex |
| If the smooth ER were destroyed, a cell would not be able to? | synthesis fatty acids and steroids. |
| Water moves into and out of red blood cells through? | osmosis |
| A cell undergoing mitosis goes through the following stages in which sequence? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Transcription involves | copying information contained in DNA to mRNA |
| If a DNA strand has a nitrogenous base sequence TACGA, then the sequence of bases on the corresponding mRNA would be | AUGCU |
| In what phase is a cell highly active and growing? | interphase |
| Movement of materials into and out of the nucleus is controlled by the? | nuclear pores |
| What type of tissue covers and lines the body and its parts? | Epithelial |
| Epithelial tissue can be classified according to the ___ and ___ of its cells? | shape, arrangement |
| Associated with the inner lining of some joints between bones are what type of membranes? | synovial |
| The presence of ___ in a tissue allos stretching and ability to return to the original shape. | elastic fibers |
| (T/F) Except for cartilage, connective tissue has a rich blood supply? | TRUE |
| The interior of your nose is lined with? | a mucous membrane |
| In the repair of tissue, scar tissue appears when? | fibroblasts secrete extracellular materials and collagen |
| Which is NOT true concerning epithelial tissue? | epithelial tissue is well supplied with blood vessels. |
| The hair structure that responds to touch is the? | root plexus |
| What changes when exposed to ultraviolet radiation of the sun? | skin coloration |
| In which portion of the skin will you find dermal papillae? | superficial region of the dermis |
| If you pricked your fingertip with a needle, the first layer of epidermis you penertrate is? | stratum corneum |
| A connective tissue with a liquid extracellular matrix is | blood |
| The four main types of tissue are | connective, epithelial, muscular, and nervous. |
| Which of the following materials would NOT be found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue? | keratin |
| Which connective tissue cells secrete antibodies? | plasma cells |
| Modified columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus are ___ cells. | goblet |
| Which tissue forms the bulk of the heart wall? | cardiac muscle |
| Stratified squamous epithelium functions mainly to perform what function? | protection |
| What tissue type is found in tendons? | dense regular connective tissue |
| In what tissue type would you find stores of calcium and phosphorus? | bone |
| Which of the following statements is true concerning glandular tissue? | Endocrine gland secretions diffuse into the bloodstream; exocrine gland secretions enter ducts. |
| The red or pink tones seen in some skin are due to | hemoglobin in the blood moving through capillaries in the dermis. |
| When you have your hair cut, scissors are cutting through the hair ___. | shaft |
| Which of the following is NOT true concerning eccrine sweat glands? | They produce a viscous secretion. |
| Which tissue is the main type found in the deeper region of the dermis? | dense irregular connective |
| Which of the following is NOT DIRECTLY a function of skin? | calcium production |
| Which of the following is NOT true concerning hair? | Hirsutism is another name for male-pattern baldness. |
| Sebaceous glands ___. | secrete an oily substance |
| As keratinocytes in the stratum basale are pushed toward the skin’s surface, they ___. | begin to die |
| To activate vitamin D, the skin cells need to be exposed to ___. | ultraviolet light |
| To prevent an unwanted hair from growing back, you must destroy the ___. | hair matrix |
| Aging can result in ___. | a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands |
| The portion of the nail that is responsible for nail growth is the ___. | nail matrix |
| Which of the following is NOT an accessory structure of the skin? | dermal papillae |
| What is the response by effectors when the body temperature is elevated? | Sweat glands increase production of sweat. |
| If you were giong to design a hollow organ that needed to expand and have stretchability, which pithelial and connective tissue would you use? | transitional epithelium an delastic connective tissue |
| (T/F) Epithelial tissue is well supplied with blood vessels? | FALSE |
| If hands are not properly position when performing CPR there is a risk of fracturing which bony part? | xiphoid process of the sternum |
| The ribs articulate with the | thoracic vertebrae |
| The presence of an epiphyseal line in a long bone indicates that the bone | has stopped growing in length |
| The hyoid bone is unique because it | does not articulate with any other bone |
| The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the | clavicle and scapula |
| The main hormone that regulates the Ca2+ balance between bone and blood is | parathyroid hormone |
| Which of the following does NOT describe spongy bone? | diaphyses of long bones |
| In which of the following individuals might you expect to find the smallest bone mass? | 80-year-old bedridden female |
| What is the shape of the humerus? | long |
| What is the shape of the carpus? | short |
| What is the shape of the vertebra? | irregular |
| What is the shape of the sternum? | flat |
| Where long bones form joints, the epiphyses are covered with | hyaline cartilage |
| What substance in bone contributes to its tensile strength? | collagen |
| The skeletal system is responsible for? | All of the above |
| A joint that has a ___ fit offers a great amount of movement and is ___ likely to become dislocated. | loose, more |
| An example of a fibrous joint in which the bones are immovable in an adult is | suture |
| Pulling out a tooth would disarticulate which type of joint? | gomphosis |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? | helps to strengthen the joint |
| Articular cartilage and bursae would most likely be found in which of the following? | the knee |
| At the synovial joint, the articulating bones are held together and strengthened by the | articular capsule |
| The joints between the vertebrae and the joint between the hip bones are examples of which joint type? | symphysis |
| Which of the following diarthrotic joints allows for the greatest degree of movement? | ball-and-socket joint |
| As your leg moves in the most anterior position to kick a ball, the femur will be ___ and the knee ___? | flexed; extended |
| Shaking your head to indicate "yes" involves ___; moving your head to indicate "no" involves ___? | flexion and extention; rotation |
| In the anatomical position, the palms are | supinated |
| A fluid-filled sac found between skin and bone that helps reduce friction between the skin and bone is a | bursa |
| Moving the mandible for chewing involves | depression and elevation |
| The sarcolemma of muscle cells is equivalent to the ___ of other cells. | plasma membrane |
| The connective tissue component that surrounds fascicles is the? | perimysium |
| Which of the following statements about skeletal muscle tissue is NOT true? | Skeletal muscle fibers contain gap junctions that help conduct action potentials from one fiber to another. |
| The reddish color of slow oxidative and fast oxidative-glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers is due to? | the large amount of myoglobin |
| You begin an intensive weightlifting plan bc you want to enter a weightlifting contest. During the activity your skeletal muscles will obtain energy (ATP) primarily through? | anaerobic glycolysis |
| Muscle contractions are smooth, coordinated movements because of ? | motor unit recruitment |
| When ATP in the sarcoplasm is exhausted, the muscle must rely on ___ to quickly produce more ATP from ADP for contraction. | creatine phosphate |
| A motor unit consists of? | a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates |
| Thick filaments? | have myosin heads used for the power stroke. |
| The chemical that prevents the continuous stimulation of a muscle fiber is | acetyl cholinesterase |
| Which of the following is NOT associated with muscle fatigue? | decrease in lactic acid levels |
| Which of the following binds to Ca2+ ? | troponin |
| Skeletal muscles are named using several characteristics. Which characteristic is NOT used to name skeletal muscles? | speed of contraction |
| What would happen if ATP were suddenly unavailable after the sarcomere had begun to shorten? | The myosin heads would be unable to detach from actin. |
| Which of the following are incorrectly matched? | autonomic nervous system: includes parasympathetic, sympathetic, an denteric divisions |
| The release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles is dependent on the presence of ___ in the synaptic end bulb. | calcium |
| The type of cell that produces myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS is the? | oligodendrocyte |
| White matter in the CNS is a ? | tract |
| Which of the following is NOT true concerning the repair of nervous tissue? | If the cell body is not damaged, neurons the in the CNS may be able to repair themselves. |
| In a resting neuron | the sodium-potassium pumps help maintain the low concentration of Na+ inside the cell. |
| In the depolarization phase of a nerve impulse, voltage-gated ion channels open, resulting in a(n)? | rush of Na+ into the neuron. |
| If a stimulus is strong enough to generate an action potential, the impulse generated is of a constant size. A stronger stimulus cannot generate a larger impulse. This is known as? | the all-or-none principle |
| Saltatory conduction occurs | at the nodes of Ranvier |
| The speed of nerve impulse conduction is increased by | myelination |
| For a signal to be transmitted by means of a chemical synapse from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron | the postsynaptic neuron must contain neurotransmitter receptors |
| What would happen at the postsynaptic neuron if the total inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitters were greater than the total excitatory effects? | No nerve impulse would be generated. |
| Which of the following would carry sensory nerve impulses? | spinothalamic tract |
| The basal nuclei | help regulate muscle tone needed for specific movements. |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome is due to damage to a nerve in the | brachial plexus |
| Axons of the lower motor neurons leave the CNS through the | brain stem and spinal cord |
| Which of the following statements about the blood supply to the brain is NOT true? | The glucose brought to he brain can be stored for future use |
| After a car accident, Joe exhibits severe dizziness, difficulty in walking, and slurred speech. He may have damaged his | cerebellum |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid? | conduction of nerve impulses |
| Which part of the brain contains the centers that control the heart rate and breathing rhythm? | medulla |
| The part of the brain that serves as a primary link between the nervous and endocrine system is the | hypothalamus |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? | coordinates the startle reflex |
| The part(s) of the brain concerned with memory, reasoning, judgment, and intelligence is(are) the | association areas |
| A broad band of white matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the | corpus callosum |
| The ringing of your alarm clock in the morning wakes you up by stimulating your | reticular activating system |
| Which lobe contains primary visual area that allows interpretation of shape and color | occipital lobe |
| Which lobe receives impulses for smell | temporal lobe |
| Which lobe contains primary motor area that controls muscle movement | frontal lobe |
| Which lobe receives sensory impulses for touch, pain, and temperature | parietal lobe |
| When entering a restaurant, you are bombarded with many different sensory stimuli. The part of the brain that combines all of those sensory inputs so that you can respond appropriately is the | common integrative area |
| Which cranial nerves contain only sensory fibers? | optic and olfactory |
| Which cranial nerve(s) help(s) control swallowing? | glossopharyngeal, bagus, hypoglossal |
| The sympathetic division of the ANS is also called the | thoracolumbar division |
| The output portion of the ANS includes | two motor neurons and one ganglion |
| (T/T) Sympathetic effects are more localized and short-lived than parasympathetic effects. | FALSE |
| Which of the following pairs is mismatched | norepinephrine : parasympathetic nervous system |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the autonomic nervous system? | sensory neurons include pre- and postganglionic neurons |
| Which part of the central nervous system regulates autonomic tone? | hypothalamus |
| Which of the following activities would NOT be monitored by autonomic sensory neurons? | hearing and equilibrium |
| The autonomic ganglia that are located near the innervated organs are | terminal ganglia |
| (T/F) The parasympathetic division initiates responses in a greganglionic neuron that synapses with 20 or more postganglionic neurons | FALSE |
| Which nerve carries most of the parasympathetic output from the brain? | vagus |
| Which of the following neurons release norepinephrine? | sympathetic postganglionic neurons |
| Which of the following would NOT be affected by the autonomic nervous system? | skeletal muscle |
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dtgs2010
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