Anatomy Chp 6-Bones
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| What is the most common type of cartilage makes up the slelton? | hyaline
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| What are the four types of hyaline cartilage in the body? | articular, costal, respiratory, nasal
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| Where is articular cartilage found? | covering the ends of bones
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| Where is costal cartilage found? | connects to ribs
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| Where is respiratory cartilage found? | larynx
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| Where is nasal cartilage found? | external part of the nose
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| Where is elastic cartilage found? | external ear and epiglottis
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| Where is fibrocartilage found? | knee, discs between vertebrae, pubic symphysis
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| What type of cartilage is high compressible? | fibrocartilage
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| What type of cartilage can undergo repeated bending? | elastic cartilage
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| What type of bones are all limb bones (except the patella)? | long bones
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| What type of bones are wrist and ankle bones? | short bones
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| What type of bones are cube/square shaped? | short bones
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| What type of bones are encased in a tendon? | sesamoid bone
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| What type of bone is the patella? | sasamoid bone
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| What type of bones are thin and usually a bit curved? | flat bones
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| What type of bone is the sternum? | flat bone
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| What type of bones are the ribs? | flat bone
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| What type of bones are skull bones? | flat bone
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| What type of bone is a scaula? | flat bone
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| What type of bone is the hip bone? | irregular bone
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| What type of bones are the vertebrate? | irregular bones
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| What are the most two important minerals stored in the bones? | calcium and phosphate
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| What is hemotopoiesis? | blood cell formation
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| the hard external layer of a bone | compact bone
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| the internal honeycomb like layer of a bone | spongy bone
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| means "within bone" - delicate connective tissue membrane that lines inside of bones and contains osteobasts and osteoclasts | endosteum
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| What does the epiphyseal plate turn into after one stops growing? | epiphyseal line
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| What is the epiphyseal plate made of? | hyaline cartilage
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| in spongy bone, the honeycomb of small needle-like pieces | trabeculae
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| Where is yellow marrow stored | in the medullary cavity of the diaphysis
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| What is yellow marrow made of? | fat
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| Who has more yellow marrow...adults or kids? | adults
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| Where is red marrow found | in trabecular cavities of all spongy bones
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| Where part of the bone is the red marrow usually found? | epiphysis
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| unspecialized stem cells that form osteoblasts | osteogeneic cells
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| where are osteogeneic cells mainly found | periosteum and endosteum
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| mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix | osteocytes
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| large cells that resorb or break down bone cells | osteoclasts
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| Where are osteoclasts found? | in the endosteum
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| bone-making cells | osteoblasts
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| Which type of bone cells are found in lacunae? | osteocytes
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| functional and structural unit of compact bone | osteon
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| central portion of osteon that contains blood vessels | central canal or Haversian canal
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| "rings" that surround the central canal of a osteon | concentric lamellae
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| In between the concentric lamellae, what type of cells are found? | osteocytes in lacunae
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| Which canals run vertical: Haversian or Volkmann? | Haversian
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| Which canals run horizontal: Haversian or Volkmann? | Volkmann
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| these canals connect blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum to the central canal | Perforating (Volkmann's) canal
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| these canals cennect the osteocytes in lacunae together and connect them to the central canal | canaliculi
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| area between osteons where old ostons have been broken down | interstitial lamellae
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| cicular layers that surround the whole bone and is just inside the periosteum | circumferential lamellae
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| Where type of bones are made of spongy bone? | short, long, flat and irregular bones
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| Where is the spongy bone found in long bones? | epiphyses
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| What gives spongy bones its spongy appearance | trabeculae
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| What accounts for a bone's flexibility? | collagen
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| What accoundts for a bone's hardness? | crystallized mineral salts
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| What does ossification or osteogenesis mean? | process of bone formation
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| What is a human embryo's skeleton made of before 8 weeks? | hyaline cartilage and fibrous membranes
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| At what stage of development would intramembranous ossification mainly take place? | in utero
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| At what stage of development would endochondral ossification mainly take place? | after birth - makes us grow taller
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| What does intramembranous ossification form from | mesenchym
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| What does endochondral ossification form from? | hyaline cartilage
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| What type of bones are formed through intramembranous ossification? | flat bones of skull, mandible and clavicle
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| What type of bones are formed through endochondral ossification? | most bones in body
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| What happens to the hyaline cartilage during endochondral ossifiation? | used as a model for the bone and then broken down
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| During endochondral ossification, where is the primary ossificaton center? | in the center of the bone
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| During endochondral ossification where is the secondary ossification center? | at the proximal and distal ends of the bone
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| what is another name for bone destruction | bone resorption
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| Bone zone where chondrocytes anchor epiphyseal plate to bone of epiphysis | resting cartilage
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| what type of connective tissue is periosteum made of | dense irregular
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