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Anatomy Chp 6-Bones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most common type of cartilage makes up the slelton? | hyaline |
| What are the four types of hyaline cartilage in the body? | articular, costal, respiratory, nasal |
| Where is articular cartilage found? | covering the ends of bones |
| Where is costal cartilage found? | connects to ribs |
| Where is respiratory cartilage found? | larynx |
| Where is nasal cartilage found? | external part of the nose |
| Where is elastic cartilage found? | external ear and epiglottis |
| Where is fibrocartilage found? | knee, discs between vertebrae, pubic symphysis |
| What type of cartilage is high compressible? | fibrocartilage |
| What type of cartilage can undergo repeated bending? | elastic cartilage |
| What type of bones are all limb bones (except the patella)? | long bones |
| What type of bones are wrist and ankle bones? | short bones |
| What type of bones are cube/square shaped? | short bones |
| What type of bones are encased in a tendon? | sesamoid bone |
| What type of bone is the patella? | sasamoid bone |
| What type of bones are thin and usually a bit curved? | flat bones |
| What type of bone is the sternum? | flat bone |
| What type of bones are the ribs? | flat bone |
| What type of bones are skull bones? | flat bone |
| What type of bone is a scaula? | flat bone |
| What type of bone is the hip bone? | irregular bone |
| What type of bones are the vertebrate? | irregular bones |
| What are the most two important minerals stored in the bones? | calcium and phosphate |
| What is hemotopoiesis? | blood cell formation |
| the hard external layer of a bone | compact bone |
| the internal honeycomb like layer of a bone | spongy bone |
| means "within bone" - delicate connective tissue membrane that lines inside of bones and contains osteobasts and osteoclasts | endosteum |
| What does the epiphyseal plate turn into after one stops growing? | epiphyseal line |
| What is the epiphyseal plate made of? | hyaline cartilage |
| in spongy bone, the honeycomb of small needle-like pieces | trabeculae |
| Where is yellow marrow stored | in the medullary cavity of the diaphysis |
| What is yellow marrow made of? | fat |
| Who has more yellow marrow...adults or kids? | adults |
| Where is red marrow found | in trabecular cavities of all spongy bones |
| Where part of the bone is the red marrow usually found? | epiphysis |
| unspecialized stem cells that form osteoblasts | osteogeneic cells |
| where are osteogeneic cells mainly found | periosteum and endosteum |
| mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix | osteocytes |
| large cells that resorb or break down bone cells | osteoclasts |
| Where are osteoclasts found? | in the endosteum |
| bone-making cells | osteoblasts |
| Which type of bone cells are found in lacunae? | osteocytes |
| functional and structural unit of compact bone | osteon |
| central portion of osteon that contains blood vessels | central canal or Haversian canal |
| "rings" that surround the central canal of a osteon | concentric lamellae |
| In between the concentric lamellae, what type of cells are found? | osteocytes in lacunae |
| Which canals run vertical: Haversian or Volkmann? | Haversian |
| Which canals run horizontal: Haversian or Volkmann? | Volkmann |
| these canals connect blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum to the central canal | Perforating (Volkmann's) canal |
| these canals cennect the osteocytes in lacunae together and connect them to the central canal | canaliculi |
| area between osteons where old ostons have been broken down | interstitial lamellae |
| cicular layers that surround the whole bone and is just inside the periosteum | circumferential lamellae |
| Where type of bones are made of spongy bone? | short, long, flat and irregular bones |
| Where is the spongy bone found in long bones? | epiphyses |
| What gives spongy bones its spongy appearance | trabeculae |
| What accounts for a bone's flexibility? | collagen |
| What accoundts for a bone's hardness? | crystallized mineral salts |
| What does ossification or osteogenesis mean? | process of bone formation |
| What is a human embryo's skeleton made of before 8 weeks? | hyaline cartilage and fibrous membranes |
| At what stage of development would intramembranous ossification mainly take place? | in utero |
| At what stage of development would endochondral ossification mainly take place? | after birth - makes us grow taller |
| What does intramembranous ossification form from | mesenchym |
| What does endochondral ossification form from? | hyaline cartilage |
| What type of bones are formed through intramembranous ossification? | flat bones of skull, mandible and clavicle |
| What type of bones are formed through endochondral ossification? | most bones in body |
| What happens to the hyaline cartilage during endochondral ossifiation? | used as a model for the bone and then broken down |
| During endochondral ossification, where is the primary ossificaton center? | in the center of the bone |
| During endochondral ossification where is the secondary ossification center? | at the proximal and distal ends of the bone |
| what is another name for bone destruction | bone resorption |
| Bone zone where chondrocytes anchor epiphyseal plate to bone of epiphysis | resting cartilage |
| what type of connective tissue is periosteum made of | dense irregular |
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edeboo
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