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U4P1 Euro

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
heliocentric   astronomical theory that says the sun is the center of the solar system  
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geocentric   astronomical theory that says the Earth is the center of the universe  
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On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)   book that outlined the Copernican hypothesis  
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Galileo Galilei   perfected the experimental method; suggested the law of inertia; used the telescope to further prove the Copernican hypothesis  
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Isaac Newton   explained the law of universal gravitation; synthesized ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo; explained WHY bodies did as they did  
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Principia   Issac Newton's masterpiece  
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Enlightenment   philosophical movement that sought to use the methods of the Scientific Revolution to explain the social world  
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John Locke   Enlightened political theorist; promoted natural rights of life, liberty, and property; also promoted social contract theory  
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philosophes   French intellectuals that spread enlightened ideas  
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Baron de Montesquieu   Frenchman who wrote The Spirit of the Laws in which he argued for separation of powers in government  
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Voltaire   most famous philosophe of the Enlightenment; called for religious toleration  
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Encyclopedia   edited work that sought to outline all known human knowledge through rational, scientifically researched articles  
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Rousseau   claimed women should still be excluded from gov't; also argued that the general will and popular sovereignty were important concepts in government  
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popular sovereignty   Locke's idea that political power is derived from the people and the people give power to their rulers  
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social contract theory   theory that said people consented to give up some freedom in return for protection of life, liberty, and property by the state  
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Frederick the Great   enlightened Prussian monarch  
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Maria Theresa   Austrian monarch who gained throne through Pragmatic Sanction  
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Joseph II   most enlightened Austrian monarch; freed serfs  
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Copernican hypothesis   proposed a HELIOCENTRIC (sun centered) model as opposed to GEOCENTRIC (Earth centered) model of solar system  
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Galen's humoral theory   proposed the body possessed four "liquids", and their imbalance caused sickness  
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barber surgeon   early "doctor" that treated sickness through strategic bleeding  
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William Harvey   claimed the body was comprised of systems that were interconnected; studied circulatory system  
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Mary Wollstonecraft   claimed women were not naturally inferior; they simply lacked the education men received  
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deism   belief that reason, science, observation of nature will prove God exists, not revelation or prophets  
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