Anatomy Chapters 8 & 9
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| The sarcolemma of muscle cells is equivalent to the ___ of other cells. | plasma membrane
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| The connective tissue component that surrounds fascicles is the? | perimysium
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| Which of the following statements about skeletal muscle tissue is NOT true? | Skeletal muscle fibers contain gap junctions that help conduct action potentials from one fiber to another.
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| network of tubules that stores calcium = ? | sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| pigment that stores oxygen = ? | myoglobin
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| composed of myosin = ? | thick filaments
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| composed of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin = ? | thin filaments
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| tunnel-like extensions of sarcolemma = ? | transverse tubules
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| The reddish color of slow oxidative and fast oxidative-glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers is due to? | the large amount of myoglobin
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| You begin an intensive weightlifting plan bc you want to enter a weightlifting contest. During the activity your skeletal muscles will obtain energy (ATP) primarily through? | anaerobic glycolysis
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| Muscle contractions are smooth, coordinated movements because of ? | motor unit recruitment
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| When ATP in the sarcoplasm is exhausted, the muscle must rely on ___ to quickly produce more ATP from ADP for contraction. | creatine phosphate
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| A motor unit consists of? | a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates
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| Thick filaments? | have myosin heads used for the power stroke.
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| The chemical that prevents the continuous stimulation of a muscle fiber is | acetyl cholinesterase
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| Which of the following is NOT associated with muscle fatigue? | decrease in lactic acid levels
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| Which of the following binds to Ca2+ ? | troponin
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| Skeletal muscles are named using several characteristics. Which characteristic is NOT used to name skeletal muscles? | speed of contraction
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| Arrange the following in the correct order for skeletal muscle fiber contraction. | (Chapter 8 #16) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 6
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| What would happen if ATP were suddenly unavailable after the sarcomere had begun to shorten? | The myosin heads would be unable to detach from actin.
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| extends from the thick filaments = ? | myosin heads
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| contain myosin-binding sites = ? | actin molecules
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| dense area of protein that separates sarcomeres = ? | z discs
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| contain acetylcholine | A band
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| striated zone of the sarcomere composed of thick and thin filaments = ? | synaptic vesicles
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| space between axon terminal and the sarcolemma = ? | synaptic cleft
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| striated zone of the sarcomere composed of thin filaments only = ? | I band
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| region of sarcolemma near the adjoining axon terminal = ? | motor end plate
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| extends and laterally rotates thigh at the hip joint = ? | gluteus maximus
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| adducts, rotates, and flexes thigh at the hip joint = ? | adductor longus
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| compresses abdomen and flexes vertebral column = ? | rectus abdominis
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| flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint = ? | hamstring group
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| flexes and abducts wrist joint = ? | flexor carpi radialis
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| extends phalanges | extensor digitorum
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| flexes, adducts, and rotates arm medially at shoulder joint = ? | pectoralis major
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| extends leg at the knee and flexes thigh at hip joint = ? | quadriceps femoris group
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| plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and flexes leg at knee joint = ? | gastrocnemius
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| dorsiflexes and inverts foot = ? | tibialis anterior
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| abducts, flexes, extends, and rotates arm at shoulder joint = ? | deltoid
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| dependent on contracting fibers; can elevate clavicle, depress or elevate scapula = ? | trapezius
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| elevates mandible; closes mouth = ? | masseter
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| wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally as in a look of surprise = ? | frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
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| extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially at shoulder joint; draws arm downward and backward = ? | latissimus dorsi
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| flexes and supinates forearm at elbow joint = ? | biceps brachii
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| works with prime mover to reduce unnecessary movement = ? | synergist
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| muscle in a group that contracts to produce desired movement = ? | prime mover
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| stationary end of a muscle = ? | origin
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| muscle that has an action opposite to that of another muscle = ? | antagonist
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| helps stabilize the origin of the prime mover = ? | fixator
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| the end of a muscle attached to the movable bone = ? | insertion
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| Which of the following are incorrectly matched? | autonomic nervous system: includes parasympathetic, sympathetic, an denteric divisions
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| consists of one fused dendrite and axon = ? | unipolar neuron
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| found primarily in the sensory organs such as the eye and ear = ? | bipolar neuron
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| most common neuron in the CNS = ? | multipolar neuron
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| contains several dendrites and one axon = ? | multipolar neuron
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| dendrite functions as a sensory receptor for touch, temperature and pain = ? | unipolar neuron
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| consists of one dendrite and one axon = ? | bipolar neuron
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| The release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles is dependent on the presence of ___ in the synaptic end bulb. | calcium
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| The type of cell that produces myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS is the? | oligodendrocyte
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| White matter in the CNS is a ? | tract
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| Which of the following is NOT true concerning the repair of nervous tissue? | If the cell body is not damaged, neurons the in the CNS may be able to repair themselves.
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| In a resting neuron | the sodium-potassium pumps help maintain the low concentration of Na+ inside the cell.
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| In the depolarization phase of a nerve impulse, voltage-gated ion channels open, resulting in a(n)? | rush of Na+ into the neuron.
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| If a stimulus is strong enough to generate an action potential, the impulse generated is of a constant size. A stronger stimulus cannot generate a larger impulse. This is known as? | the all-or-none principle
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| Place the following events in the correct order of occurrence: | Chapter 8 (#10) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
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| Saltatory conduction occurs | at the nodes of Ranvier
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| The speed of nerve impulse conduction is increased by | myelination
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| For a signal to be transmitted by means of a chemical synapse from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron | the postsynaptic neuron must contain neurotransmitter receptors
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| What would happen at the postsynaptic neuron if the total inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitters were greater than the total excitatory effects? | No nerve impulse would be generated.
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| inhibitory amino acid in the CNS = ? | GABA
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| a gaseous neurotransmitter that is not packaged into synaptic vesicles = ? | nitric oxide
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| excitatory amino acid in the CNS = ? | glutamate
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| body's natural painkillers = ? | endorphins
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| helps regulate mood and sleep = ? | serotonin
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| neurotransmitter that activates skeletal muscle fibers = ? | acetylcholine
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| the portion of a neuron containing the nucleus = ? | cell body
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| rounded structure at the distal end of an axon terminal = ? | synaptic end bulb
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| highly branched, input part of a neuron = ? | dendrite
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| sac in which neurotransmitter is stored = ? | synaptic vesicles
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| neuron located entirely within the CNS = ? | interneuron
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| long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron = ? | axon
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| produces myelin sheath in PNS = ? | Schwann cell
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| unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheath | node of Ranvier
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| substance that increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction = ? | myelin sheath
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| neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS = ? | sensory neuron
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| neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector = ? | motor neuron
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| bundle of many axons in the PNS = ? | nerve
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| bundle of many axons in the CNS = ? | tract
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| group of cell bodies in the PNS = ? | ganglion
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| group of cell bodies in the CNS = ? | nucleus
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| substance used for communication at chemical synapses = ? | neurotransmitter
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