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Sociology Midterm

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Term
Definition
Sociology   show
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Sociological Imagination   show
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show The body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation  
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Psychology   show
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show A set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior  
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show An open, stated, and conscious function  
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show An unconscious or unintended function; hidden purpose  
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show An explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to assess the concept  
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show A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables  
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show A measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions  
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show The variable in a casual relationship that, when altered, causes or influences a change in a second variable  
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Dependent Variable   show
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Correlation   show
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show A sample for which every member of the entire population has the same chance of being selected  
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Sample   show
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show A factor held constant to test the relative impact of an independent variable  
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Reliability   show
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show The degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study  
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Research design   show
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show A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information  
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Qualitative research   show
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Quantitative research   show
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Questionnaire   show
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Ethnography   show
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show Subjects in an experiment who are exposed to an independent variable introduced by a researcher  
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show Subjects in an experiment who are not introduced to the independent variable by the researcher  
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Secondary analysis   show
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Nonreactive research   show
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Content analysis   show
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Socialization   show
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Culture   show
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Society   show
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Innovation   show
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show The process of making known or sharing the existence of some aspect of reality  
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show The combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before  
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Diffusion   show
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Material culture   show
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show Customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication, as well as ways of using material objects  
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Culture lag   show
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show An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture; includes gestures and other nonverbal communication  
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Norm   show
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Law   show
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show A norm governing everyday behavior whose violation raises comparatively little concern  
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Mores   show
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show A collective conception of what is considered good, desirable, and proper - or bad, undesirable, and improper - in a culture  
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show A segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger society  
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show Specialized language used by members of a subculture  
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Countercultures   show
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Ethnocentrism   show
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show The evaluation of a people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture  
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Sociobiology   show
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show According to George Herbert Meade, a distinct identity that sets one apart from others  
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show A concept used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with other people  
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Role-taking   show
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Generalized other   show
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show A view of social interaction popularized by Erving Goffman that examines people as if they were theatrical performers  
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Impression management   show
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Life-course approach   show
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show The process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life  
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Social control   show
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show Going along with peers - individuals of our own status, who have no special right to direct our behavior  
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show Compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure  
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Deviance   show
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Anomie   show
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Differential association   show
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Crime   show
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show A person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation  
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show A condition in which members of a society enjoy different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power  
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Stratification   show
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show Salaries and wages  
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show An inclusive term encompassing all a person's material assets, including land, stocks, and other property  
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Achieved status   show
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Ascribed status   show
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Caste   show
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Estate system/feudalism   show
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show A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility  
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show Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class, or the owners of the means of production  
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Capitalism   show
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show Karl Marx's term for the working class in a capitalist society  
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show A term used by Max Weber to refer to a group of people who have a similar level of wealth and income  
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show A term used by Karl Marx to describe an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect its objective position  
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Absolute poverty   show
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show A floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole  
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Feminization of poverty   show
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show A social system in which there is little or no possibility of individual mobility  
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Open system   show
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show The movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another  
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show The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a foreign power for an extended period  
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show Continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries  
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show An approach to global stratification that contends that industrialized nations exploit developing countries for their own gain  
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Globalization   show
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Modernization   show
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Modernization theory   show
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