Anatomy Chapter 3
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| What is a passive process in which a substance moves due to kinetic energy? | Diffusion
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| What is is called when substances move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration? | Diffusion
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| What is the net movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of low water concentration until equilibrium is reached? | Osmosis
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| "Hyper" means? | Alot
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| "Hypo" means? | a little
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| 1 inch = ___cm? | 2.5
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| 10 meters = ___ cm? | 1
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| What is Hypertonic solution? | Higher concentration of solutes
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| What is Hypotonic solution? | Lower concentration of solutes
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| What is an Isotonic solution? | A solution that maintain normal shape and volume
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| What does Hemolysis mean? | The rupture of red blood cells. Hemo=iron;lyis=to break
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| What does Crenation mean? | The shrinkage of red blood cells.
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| What is the flow of a liquid through a filter due to hydrostatic pressure? | Filtration
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| What is a solution? | The combination of a solvent(liquid) and solute(material)
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| What is a solute? | The material used in a solution
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| If the extracellular fluid contains a greater concentration of solutes than the cytosol of the cell, the extracellular fluid is said to be? | Hypertonic
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| The proteins found in the plasma membrane are primarily? | glycoproteins
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| (T/F)The proteins found in the plasma membrane allow the passage of many substances into and out of the cell. | TRUE
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| (T/F)The proteins found in the plasma membrane allow cells to recognize other cells. | TRUE
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| (T/F)The proteins found int eh plasma membrane help anchor cells to each other. | TRUE
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| To enter many body cells, glucose must bind to a specific membrane carrier protein, which assists glucose to cross the membrane without using ATP. This type of movement is known as? | Facilitated Diffusion
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| A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution undergoes? | hemolysis
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| Many white blood cells engulf bacteria through? | Phagocytosis
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| What is the process by which phagocytes ingest and destroy microbes cell debris, and other foreign matter? | Phagocytosis
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| Which organelles are involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide int he liver? | Peroxisomes
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| What process requires ATP? | active transport
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| Nicotine in cigarette smoke interferes with the ability of cells to rid the breathing passageways of debris. Which organelles are "paralyzed" by nicotine? | cilia
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| Many proteins found in the plasma membrane are formed by the ___ and packaged by the ___? | ribosomes, Golgi complex
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| Where is cellular movement done? | cytoskeleton
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| Where is selective permeability done at? | plasma membrane
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| What organelle does protein synthesis? | ribosomes
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| What organelle provides lipid synthesis, detoxification? | smooth ER
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| What organelle packages proteins? | Golgi complex
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| What organelle provides ATP production? | mitochondria
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| What digests bacteria and worn-out organelles? | lysosomes
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| What organelle forms mitotic spindles? | centrosome
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| If the smooth ER were destroyed, a cell would not be able to? | synthesis fatty acids and steroids.
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| Water moves into and out of red blood cells through? | osmosis
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| A cell undergoing mitosis goes through the following stages in which sequence? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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| Transcription involves | copying information contained in DNA to mRNA
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| If a DNA strand has a nitrogenous base sequence TACGA, then the sequence of bases on the corresponding mRNA would be | AUGCU
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| Nuclear envelope (membrane) and nucleoli reappear is known as what phase? | telephase
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| Centromeres of the chromatid pairsline up in the center of the mitotic spindle is known as what phase? | metaphase
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| DNA replicates during what phase? | interphase
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| Cleavage furrow splits cells into two identical cells during what phase? | cytokinesis
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| Chromosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell during what phase? | anaphase
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| Chromatids are attached at centromeres; mitotic spindle forms during what phase? | prophase
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| In what phase is a cell highly active and growing? | interphase
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| Movement of materials into and out of the nucleus is controlled by the? | nuclear pores
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| The basic unit of structure and function of any living organism is the ___. | cell
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| Crenation of a cell may occur when it is placed in a(n) ___ solution. | hypertonic
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| Phagocytic vesicles form by inward folding of the ___. | plasma membrane
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| Which of the following best describes the structural arrangement of the plasma membrane? | a bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded
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| Ribosomes are assembled in the ___. | nucleoli
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| Which of the following is a function of ribosomes in a rough ER? | synthesize proteins
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| Which of the following fluids is present inside of cells? | intracellular fluid (ICF)
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| Mitochondria are called the “power-houses” of the cell because their main function is ___. | ATP synthesis
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| Cellular materials are packaged for secretion by which of the following? | Golgi complex
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| If the concentration of glucose in the fluid outside a cell is lower than the concentration inside, | water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis.
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| Which of the following processes does NOT require use of cellular energy? | facilitated diffusion
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| Glucose crosses the cell membrane by ___. | facilitated diffusion
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| Which of the following is NOT a membrane-bound organelle? | ribosome
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| Which of the following functions as cell identity markers, receptors, and enzymes? | membrane proteins
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| The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is ___. | osmosis
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| Peripheral proteins are located on the inner and outer surfaces of the ___. | plasma membrane
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| Which of the following account for the movement of organelles, the migration of chromosomes during cell division, and the structure and function of cilia and flagella? | microtubules
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| Channels (pores) and transporters in the plasma membrane are composed of ___. | integral proteins
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| Most of the molecules that make up the plasma membrane are ___. | phospholipids and proteins
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| The phospholipid tails in the plasma membrane point toward | each other.
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| DNA is replicated during ___. | interphase
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| Which of the following allows charged ions and molecules to pass across the plasma membrane? | channel proteins
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| Under normal conditions, the primary cations in the cytosol of cells are ___. | potassium (K+) ions
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| A selectively permeable sealed bag containing a 10% sucrose solution is placed into a beaker containing pure water. At equilibrium, | the number of water molecules leaving and entering the bag is equal.
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| A carrier protein moves sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions across the plasma membrane by | changing shape.
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| The function of ATP in the operation of the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pump is to | add a phosphate to the pump protein, thereby changing its shape.
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| In exocytosis, ___ unite with the cell membrane and release their contents to the outside of the cell. | secretory vesicles
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| Chemically, the cytosol is 75-90% ___. | water
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| Some regions of endoplasmic reticulum appear rough because of | ribosomes attached to their surfaces.
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| In mitochondria the enzymes that carry out the reactions of cellular respiration are located | on the inner folds, called cristae, and within the matrix located in the central cavity.
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| All of the following are thought to contribute to aging of the cell except: | antioxidants
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| Which of the following is a process by which malignant cells increase their own vascular supply? | angiogenesis
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| Cancer-causing genes are known as: | oncogenes
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| Numerous short projections from the surface of cells of the respiratory tract are called ___. | cilia
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| What event begins the process of translation? | The mRNA attaches to the small ribosomal subunit.
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| The process of translation terminates when | the ribosome reaches the stop codon.
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| Somatic cell division involves the nuclear division called ___. | mitosis
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| During interphase, | DNA replicates and growth and metabolism occur.
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| When cytokinesis is complete, ___ begins. | interphase
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| A noncancerous growth of cells to produce an excess of tissue is called a ___. | benign tumor
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| A carcinogen is a(n) ___. | chemical agent or radiation that causes cancer
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| In the process of aging, tissues stiffen and lose their elasticity because | irreversible cross-links form between adjacent protein molecules.
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| Substances in our diet, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, and selenium, may slow the process of aging by | inhibiting free radical formation.
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| Ribosomes are assembled in which of the following? | nucleoli
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| Which of the following directly regulates the movement of materials into and out of a cell? | plasma membrane
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| Fatty acids and steroids (e.g., estrogen and testosterone), are synthesized in which of the following? | smooth ER
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| What is the function of the smooth ER in muscle cells known as sarcoplasmic reticulum? | store calcium ions
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| Which of the following contains anticodons? | tRNA
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| Which of the following disorders means increase in size of an organ related to increase in cell number rather than increase in cell size? | hyperplasia
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| Which of the following cells have multiple nuclei? | skeletal muscle
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| The three main parts of a cell include all of the following except: | organelles
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| (T/F)All human cells will contain the same cellular structures. | FALSE
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| (T/F)Carrier proteins are used only for active transport. | FALSE
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| (T/F)During translation, the genetic information in DNA is copied to RNA. | FALSE
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| (T/F)For the process of protein synthesis, an RNA codon specifies a particular amino acid. | TRUE
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| (T/F)In passive transport processes, the net movement of substances is down their concentration gradient. | TRUE
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| (T/F)Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver are both risk factors for liver cancer. | TRUE
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| (T/F)Tumor markers are secreted by malignant cells. | FALSE
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| If the extracellular fluid contains a greater concentration of solutes than the cytosol of the cell, the extracellular fluid is said to be | hypertonic.
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| The proteins found in the plasma membrane | have all of these functions.
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| To enter many body cells, glucose must bind to a specific membrane carrier protein, which assists glucose to cross the membrane without using ATP. This type of movement is known as | facilitated diffusion.
🗑
|
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| A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution undergoes | hemolysis.
🗑
|
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| Many white blood cells engulf bacteria through | phagocytosis.
🗑
|
||||
| Which organelles are involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in the liver? | peroxisomes
🗑
|
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| Which of the following processes requires ATP? | active transport
🗑
|
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| Nicotine in cigarette smoke interferes with the ability of cells to rid the breathing passageways of debris. Which organelles are “paralyzed” by nicotine? | cilia
🗑
|
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| Many proteins found in the plasma membrane are formed by the ___ and packaged by the ___. | ribosomes; Golgi complex
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| Which pairing below is NOT correct? | protein synthesis, Golgi complex
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| If the smooth ER were destroyed, a cell would not be able to | synthesize fatty acids and steroids.
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| Water moves into and out of red blood cells through | osmosis.
🗑
|
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| A cell undergoing mitosis goes through the following stages in which sequence? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
🗑
|
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| What is it called when copying information contained in DNA to mRNA? | Transcription
🗑
|
||||
| If a DNA strand has a nitrogenous base sequence TACGA, then the sequence of bases on the corresponding mRNA would be | AUGCU
🗑
|
||||
| In what phase does the nuclear envelope (membrane) and nucleoli reappear? | telophase
🗑
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| In which phase is a cell highly active and growing? | interphase
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| Movement of materials into and out of the nucleus is controlled by the | nuclear pores.
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| Which of the following statements concerning cancer is NOT true? | Angiogenesis is the spread of cancerous cells to other parts of the body.
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