Alimentary Canal/Enzymes
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| pharynx | back of the throat
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| esophagus | food chute, connects pharynx to stomach
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| duodenum | first portion of small intestine
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| jejunum | middle portion of small intestine
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| ileum | last portion of small intestine
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| small intestine | main organ for chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients
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| large intestine | main organ for the absorption of water
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| cecum | first section of the large intestine
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| villi (micorvilli) | increase surface area of absorption of nutrients
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| goblet cells | unicellular glands that secrete mucus
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| mucosa | inner layer of alimentary canal; composed of nonciliated simple columnar epithelium
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| alimentary canal | organs of digestive system in which "food" passes through
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| submucosa | tissue layer below the mucosa; made of areolar (loose) connective tissue; very vascular
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| muscularis | tissue layer composed of smooth muscle
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| circular myofibers | smooth muscle cells that, when contracted, decrease the diameter of the digestive tube
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| longitudinal myofibers | smooth muscle cells that, when contracted, decrease the length of the digestive tube
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| serosa | tissue layer that covers abdominal organs; made of simple squamous (visceral peritoneum)
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| lumen | hollow space within an organ
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| mechanical digestion | occurs in the mouth with the help of the teeth and tongue, also occurs in the stomach as the muscular layer contracts
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| chemical digestion | occurs in the mouth, stomach and small intestine with the help of enzymes and acids
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| amylase | enzyme in saliva that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth
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| parotid | salivary glands that produce the most amylase
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| sublingual | salivary glands that produce the most mucus
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| bolus | soft mass of food that is swallowed
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| peristalsis | slow, wave-like muscular contractions that push "food" through the digestive tube
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| pepsin | enzyme produced in stomach that breaks down proteins
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| parietal cells | produce HCl acid within the stomach
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| rugae | folds of the mucosa within the stomach
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| chyme | liquified/partially digested "food" that exits the stomach into the small intestine
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| bile | produced by the liver; breaks down (emulsifies) lipids
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| pancreatic juice | combination of enzymes produced by the pancreas; breaks down all types of macromolecules
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| macromolecules | large molecules like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
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| haustra | pouches of the large intestine
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| feces | solid material that is expelled through the anus
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| water | main molecule absorbed in the large intestine
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Created by:
smonahan
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