DPT back anatomy
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| What are the palpable bony landmarks of the spine? | spinous processes, transverse processes, articular pillars, mammillary processes, sacral/coccygeal landmarks
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| Typical vertebrae consists of these three parts? | body, arch, pedicles
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| Vertebral arch consists of | pedicles + lamina
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| spina bifida occulta | failure to fuse, bony
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| meningocele | meniges protrude through
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| meninmyelocele | spinal cord+meninges protrude
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| Transverse processes project from junction of ______ and _____. | pedicles and lamina
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| Transverse processes are the _________ and _________ for spinal muscles. These muscles allow for ______ movement. | attachment and lever; less
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| Superior and inferior articular process project from __________ and _____________. | pedicle and lamina
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| A synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and inferior articular process of the vertebrae directly above it. | Zygapophyseal jonts
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| ___________ process project posteriorly from junction of R/L lamina. | Spinous (process)
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| Vertebral foramen are formed by the ________ and the _____________ | body and vertebral arch
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| How is the vertebral canal formed? | Collectively by the vertebral foramina
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| The intervertebral foramen are formed where? | between vertebrae
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| The superior and inferior vertebral notches form the _____________. | intervertebral foramen
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| What are the smallest vertebrae? | C3-7
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| In the cervical vertebrae which are wider side to side, the bodies or the articular process? | bodies are wider
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| How many vertebrae are there? Cervical? Thoracic? Lumbar? | 33; 7, 12, 5
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| How many vertebrae are fused? | 5 fused S, 4 fused C
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| What is the typical length of the vertebral column? | 72-75 cm
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| Which areas of the spine have a primary curvature? | Thoracic and Sacral
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| Which areas of the spine have a secondary curvature? | Lumbar and Cervical
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| What is the function of spinal curves? | To absorb 10x more shock than a straight spine
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| What are our spinal curves like at birth? | only primary curve
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| When do secondary curves develop? | infant holds head/sits upright = 2ndary curve in cervical
infant begins to walk/stand =2ndary curve in lumbar
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| A secondary curve may also be called | lordotic
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| A primary curve may also be called | kyphotic
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| What are the four (or five depending on how you count) functions of the spinal column? | protect spinal cord
support weight of head and trunk
allow movement of the rib came
posture/locomotion
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| What joints allow movement of the rib cage? | costovertebral joints
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| Each region of the spine ___________ and _______ specific movements. | emphasizes and limits
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| Kyphosis is excessive ____________ in ___ spine | curvature in T spine
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| Lordosis is an excessive _____________ in _____ spine | excessive in L spine
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| What is scoliosis? | lateral deviation of the spine with a rotary component
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| Key factors in scoliosis are _________ and _____________ | progression and severity
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| What are two treatments for extreme/painful scoliosis? | bracing and surgical intervention
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| What do the cervical foramen look like? | triangular and large
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| The cervical transverse processes allow what artery to pass through _________. | C6-1
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| Does C7 have a transverse process? | small or no TP
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| Do the cervical vertebrae have transverse foramen? | yes
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| The superior facets of the cervical vertebrae face in which direction? | superiorly and posteriorly
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| The inferior facets of the cervical vertebrae face in which direction? | inferior and anterior
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| What is the most process cervical spinous processes? | C7
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| Which vertebrae are bifid? | C3-5
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| What are two distinguishing characteristics of thoracic vertebrae? | heart shaped with costal facets
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| Thoracic vertebrae have vertebral foramen that are _______ in shape and ______ than C vert foramen and _____ than L vert foramen. | circular; smaller; smaller
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| The transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae are _______ and _________ have facets for articulation with _______. | long; T1-10; ribs
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| What are transverse costal facets? | Where ribs articulate with vertebrae
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| The superior facets of the thoracic vertebrae face in which direction? | posterior and slightly lateral
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| The inferior facets of the thoracic vertebrae face in which direction? | anteriorly and slightly medial
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| Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae are ________ and extend ____________. | long and extend inferiorly to segment below
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| Bodies of lumbar vertebral bodies are _____________ shaped. | kidney
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| Vertebral foramen of lumbar vertebrae have what shape and size? | triangular; larger than T, smaller than C
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| Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae have _____________ located ____________. | accessory process -tubercles located at the base of TP's
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| The superior facets of the lumbar vertebrae face in which direction? | posteriorly and medially
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| The inferior facets of the lumbar vertebrae face in which direction? | anteriorly and laterally
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| The lumbar vertebrae have ______________ which are tubercles located on _______________. | mamillary process-tubercles located on superior articular pillow
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| The spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae have a ________ shape. | sturdy, "hatchet" shape
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| The sacrum is a large __________ wedge shaped bone composed of ____ fused vertebrae and _____ pairs of foramina. | triangular; 5 vertebrae and 4 pairs of foraamina
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| The sacrum provides _______________. | stability to the pelvis
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| What is the sacral promontory? | prominent anterior edge of 1st vertebra segment
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| What is the sacral ala? | superior/lateral portion of sacrum
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| What is the median sacral crest? | midline formed by fused spinal processes
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| What forms the sacral hiatus? | it is formed by failure of the lamina of S5 to fuse
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| What forms the sacral cornu (horns)? | formed by the pedicles of S5
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| What contains the nerve roots of cauda equina? | sacral canal
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| The apex of the sacrum is the ____________ end. | inferior
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| The base of the sacrum is ___________. | the superior portion of S1
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| What is the angle between the long axis of the lumbar part of the vertebral column and that of the sacrum | lumbosacral angle
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| The coccyx is the _______ shaped bone of _____________. | wedge; 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
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| The coccyx provides of the attachment of ___________. | the pelvic muscles
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| What vertebra are atypical? | atlas (C1) and axis (C2)
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| The atlas vertebra is _____ shaped with ____ spinous process and ___ body. | ring; 0; 0
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| The atlas vertebra consists of ______. | anterior and posterior aches with transverse processes
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| The superior facet articulates with ___________. This allows for _________________ motion. | occipital condyles; flexion and extension motion
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| The inferior faces articulate with ______ and allows for ______ motion. | C2 (superior facet);rotary
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| The discs of the vertebral bodies consist of _________________. | disc=annulus fibrosus+nucleus pulposus
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| The discs of the vertebral bodies are composed of | water, collagenfibers, and proteoglycans
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| Where is there no disc? | between occiput and C1 and C1-C2
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wrenlette
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