ch. 21 pharmacology vocab
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| addiction | physical and psychological dependence on an craving for a drug
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| additive action | drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each
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| aerosol | particles of drug suspended in airqq
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| anaphylaxis | exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a drug or foreign organism
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| antagonistic action | combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect of a drug
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| antidote | agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug
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| brand name | commercial name for a drug; trademark
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| chemical name | chemical formula for a drug
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| contraindications | factors in the patients condition that prevent the use of a particular drug or treatment
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| food and drug administration (FDA) | government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use
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| generic name | legal noncommercial name for a drug
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| iatrogenic | condition caused by treatment given by medical personnel
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| idiosyncrasy | unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual but not seen in most patients
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| inhalation | administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth
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| medicinal chemistry | study of new drug synthesis
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| molecular pharmacology | study of interaction of drugs and subcellular entiies such as DNA, RNA, and enzymes
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| oral administration | drugs given by mouth
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| parenteral administration | drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins
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| pharmacist | prepares and dispenses drugs
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| pharmacy | location for preparing and dispensing drugs
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| pharmacodynamics | study of the effects of a drug within the body
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| pharmacokinetics | calculation of drug concentration in tissues and blood over a period of time
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| pharmacologist | specialist in the properties, uses and actions of drugs
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| pharmacology | study of the preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs
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| physicians desk reference (PDR) | reference book that lists drug products
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| receptor | target substance with which a drug interacts in the body
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| rectal administration | drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum
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| side effect | toxic effect that routinely results from the use of a drug
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| sublingual administration | drugs are given by placement under the tongue
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| synergism | combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone
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| syringe | instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body
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| tolerance | larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect
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| topical application | drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucus membranes of the body
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| toxicity | harmful effects of a drug
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| toxicology | study of harmful chemicals and their effect on the body
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| transport | movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells
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| united states pharmacopeia (U.S.P) | authoritative list of drugs, formulas and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing
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| vitamin | substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health
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| ACE inhibitor | lowers blood pressure
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| amphetamine | central nervous system stimulant
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| analgesic | relieved pain
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| androgen | male hormone
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| anesthetic | reduces or eliminates sensation
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| angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist | lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels
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| antacid | neutralizes acid in the stomach
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| antiandrogen | slows the uptake of androgens or interfers with their binding in tissues
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| antiarrhythmic | treats abnormal heart rhythms
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| antibiotic | chemical substance produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or kill foreign organisms in the body
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| anticoagulant | prevents blood clotting
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| anticonvulsant | prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity)
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| antidepressant | relieved symptoms of depression
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| antidiabetic | drug given to prevent or alleviate diabetes mellitus
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| antidiarrheal | prevents diarrhea
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| antiemetic | prevents nausea and vomiting
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| antihistamine | blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy
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| antinauseant | relieves nausea and vomiting
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| antiplatelet | reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together
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| antiulcer | inhibits the secretion of acid by cells of the lining of the stomach
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| antiviral | acts against viruses such as the herpesvirus and HIV
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| aromatase inhibitor | reduces the amount of estrogen in the blood
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| bactericidal | kills bacteria
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| bateriostatic | inhibits bacterial growth
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| beta-blocker | blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes
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| bisphosphonate | prevents bone loss in osteoporosis
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| caffeine | central nervous system stimulant
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| calcium antagonist | blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels
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| cardiovascular | acts on the heart and blood vessels
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| cathartic | relieved constipation
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| diuretic | increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body
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| emetic | promotes vomiting
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| endocrine | a hormone or hormone-like drug
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| estrogen | female hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics
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| gastrointestinal | relieves symptoms of diseases in the GI tract
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| glucocorticoid | hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation
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| hypnotic | produces sleep
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| laxative | weak cathartic
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| narcotic | habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility
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| progestin | female hormone that affects the lining of the uterus during pregnancy
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| purgative | strong cathartic
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| respiratory | treats asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system
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| sedative | a mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep
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| SERM | selective estrogen modulator with estrogen-like effect on bones and fat metabolism
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| stimulant | excites and promotes activity
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| thyroid hormone | stimulates cellular metabolism
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| tranquilizer | controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behaviour
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