An orientation to human body; polytech academy
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatomy | the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
🗑
|
||||
| Gross/macroscopic [anatomy] | can see it without a microscope
🗑
|
||||
| Microscopic [anatomy] | need a microscope to see it
🗑
|
||||
| cytology | study of cells
🗑
|
||||
| microscopic | study of tissues
🗑
|
||||
| physiology | the study of the function of the body’s structural machinery
🗑
|
||||
| 1. chemical level | Atoms combine to form molecules
🗑
|
||||
| 2. cellular level | Cells are made up of molecules
🗑
|
||||
| 3. tissue level | Tissues consist of similar types of cells
🗑
|
||||
| 4. organ level | Organs are made up of different types of tissues
🗑
|
||||
| 5. organ systems level | Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely
🗑
|
||||
| 6. organismal level | The human organism is made up of many organ systems
🗑
|
||||
| Integumentary system | Forms the external body covering; Composed of the skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails; Main function: protects deep tissues from injury and synthesizes Vitamin D; Location of cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors and sweat and oil glands
🗑
|
||||
| skeletal system | Composed of bone, cartilage, and ligaments; Main function: protects and supports body organs; Provides the framework for muscles; Site of blood cell formation; Stores minerals
🗑
|
||||
| muscular system | Composed of muscles and tendons; Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; Main function: locomotion (allows you to move around);Maintains posture and produces heat
🗑
|
||||
| nervous system | “control center”; Composed of the brain, spinal column, and nerves; The fast-acting control system of the body; Main function: responds to stimuli by activating muscles and glands
🗑
|
||||
| endocrine system | Composed of glands; Main function: glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells; Extremely important to overall function of body
🗑
|
||||
| cardiovascular system | Composed of the heart and blood vessels; The heart pumps blood; The blood vessels transport blood throughout the body; Transports nutrients, electrolytes, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
🗑
|
||||
| lymphatic system | Composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels; Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; Houses white blood cells involved with immunity
🗑
|
||||
| respiratory system | Composed of the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs; Main function: keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; The gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| digestive system | Composed of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, and liver; Main function: breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood; Eliminates indigestible foodstuffs as feces
🗑
|
||||
| urinary system | Composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra; Eliminates nitrogenous wastes (easily toxic) from the body; Regulates water, electrolyte, and pH balance of the blood
🗑
|
||||
| male reproductive system | Composed of the prostate gland, penis, testes, scrotum, and ductus deferens; Main function: production of offspring; Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones; Ducts and glands deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract; Regulates sex hormones
🗑
|
||||
| female reproductive system | Composed of mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, etc; Main function: production of offspring; Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones; Remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus
🗑
|
||||
| organ system interrelationships | The integumentary system protects the body from the external environment; Digestive and respiratory systems, in contact with the external environment, take in nutrients, and oxygen; Systems that work together
🗑
|
||||
| 1a. maintaining boundaries | the internal environment remains distinct from the external environment
🗑
|
||||
| 1b. movement | locomotion, propulsion (peristalsis), and contractility
🗑
|
||||
| 1c. responsiveness | ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them
🗑
|
||||
| 1d. digestion | breakdown of ingested foodstuffs
🗑
|
||||
| 1e. metabolism | all the chemical reaction that occur in the body
🗑
|
||||
| 1f. excretion | removal of wastes from the body
🗑
|
||||
| 1g. reproduction | cellular and organismal levels
🗑
|
||||
| 1h. growth | increase in size of a body part of the organismal (cell division)
🗑
|
||||
| 2a. nutrients | needed for energy and cell building
🗑
|
||||
| 2b. oxygen | necessary for metabolic reactions (required for chemical reactions)
🗑
|
||||
| 2c. water | provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions (all reactions occur in water)
🗑
|
||||
| 2d. normal body temperature | necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life-sustaining rates (homeostasis fever kills bacteria)
🗑
|
||||
| 2e. atmospheric pressure | required for proper breathing and gas exchange in the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| homeostasis | The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world;The internal environment of the body is in a dynamic state of equilibrium; Chemical, thermal, and neutral factors interact to maintain homeostasis
🗑
|
||||
| Homeostatic Control Mechanisms | The 3 interdependent components of the control mechanisms:Receptor – monitors the environments and responds to changes (stimuli);Control center–determines the set point at which the variable is maintained; Effector–provides the means to respond to stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| anatomical position | 1. Body erect (standing)
2. Feet slightly apart
3. Palms facing forward
4. Thumbs pointing away from the body
🗑
|
||||
| superior | toward the head
a. The head is superior to the abdomen
🗑
|
||||
| inferior | away from the head
a. the navel is inferior to the chin
🗑
|
||||
| anterior | toward the front of the body
a. The breastbone is anterior to the spine
🗑
|
||||
| posterior | toward the back of the body
a. The heart is posterior to the breastbone
🗑
|
||||
| medial | toward the midline
a. The heart is medial to the arm
🗑
|
||||
| lateral | away from the midline
a. The arms are lateral to the chest
🗑
|
||||
| intermediate | between a more medial and lateral structure
a. The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder
🗑
|
||||
| proximal | closer to the origin of the body part
a. The elbow is proximal to the wrist
🗑
|
||||
| distal | farther from the origin of the body part
a. The knee is distal to the thigh
🗑
|
||||
| superficial | towards the body surface
a. The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles
🗑
|
||||
| deep | away from the body surface
a. The lungs are deep to the skin
🗑
|
||||
| sagittal | divides the body into right and left parts
🗑
|
||||
| midsagittal or medial | sagittal plane that lies on the midline
🗑
|
||||
| frontal or coronal | divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
🗑
|
||||
| transverse or horizontal | divides the body into superior and inferior parts
🗑
|
||||
| oblique section | cuts made diagonally
🗑
|
||||
| dorsal body cavity | a. Cranial cavity
b. Vertebral cavity
🗑
|
||||
| Ventral body cavity | a. Thoracic cavity
i. Separated from abdominal cavity by diaphragm
b. Abdominal cavity
c. Pelvic cavity
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
KWOLF1
Popular Anatomy sets