Enire review of Ap Euro terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Feudalism | show 🗑
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| Scholasticism | show 🗑
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| show | Italian philosopher who was the greatest figure in the Scholastic movement. Advocated an Aristotelian philosophy that faith and reason were gifts from God and should be used by man.
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| show | Corrupt Spanish pope. He was aided militarily and politically by his son, Cesare Borgia, who was the hero of The Prince.
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| show | Pope Leo X was responsible for the political rise of the papacy in Europe. Born Giovanni de’Medici, his father was Lorenzo the Magnificent. He was made cardinal at 13 and because of the support of Pope Julius II rose through the papal ranks. He was pope d
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| show | Italian poet wrote Inferno and Divine Comedy (1321), which demonstrated the powerful influence of the church on education and literature. Wrote in the vernacular.
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| show | Giovanni Boccaccio was one of the first writers of the early Renaissance, famous for his prose. Wrote the Decameron, a series of 100 short stories, which tell about ambitious merchants, portrays a sensual, and worldly society in the time of the Black Deat
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| show | One of the leading painters of the Florentine Renaissance, developed a highly personal style. He was one of the many artists sponsored by the Medici family. His most famous work was Primavera (1482).
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| show | Italian architect and sculptor of the early Renaissance, celebrated for designing the dome of the cathedral of Florence. His style was anti-Gothic, preferring instead to use domes to create space. He also designed the Foundling Hospital in Florence.
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| show | The greatest artist of the High Renaissance. Worked in Rome and painted the Sistine Chapel for Pope Julius II. Sculpted the statue of David.
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| show | Wrote The Courtier, which was about education and manners and had a great influence. It said that an upper class, educated man should know many academic subjects and should be trained in music, dance, and art.
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| show | Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was perhaps, the most powerful man in Europe during the first part of the sixteenth century. He was king of Spain, but also ruled the vast Habsburg empire, which included the Netherlands, Austria, much of Italy, Burgundy, and
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| show | Isabella was arguably the most powerful and influential woman of the Renaissance period. She learned the humanist languages of Greek and Latin and excelled in music. She even ruled Mantua when her husband was captured in battle.
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| Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) | show 🗑
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| show | The Medici’s were a great banking family in Florence in the 15th century. “Il Magnifico” ruled the government of Florence (1469-1492) from behind the scene. During his tenure Florence witnessed the height of her prestige and beauty.
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| Lucrezia Borgia (1480-1519) | show 🗑
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| show | Spanish writer. Wrote Don Quixote.
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| Pico Della Mirandola (1463-94) | show 🗑
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| show | Sculptor of the early Renaissance who studied under Ghiberti and Brunelleschi. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. He was sponsored by the Medici family of Florence. His most important statue was the David, a
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| Erasmus (1466?-1536) | show 🗑
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| Jacob Fugger | show 🗑
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| show | Florentine painter who led the way in the use of realism and depth. His techniques for showing perspective were copied by many of the Renaissance artists.
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| Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543) | show 🗑
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| show | Humanism was the philosophical framework of the Renaissance period. Scholars studied the ancient classics to learn what they revealed about human nature rather than for religious meanings. Humanism emphasized the rationalism of human beings, their achieve
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| Individualism | show 🗑
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| show | Very militaristic pope, who was responsible for some of the greatest art found in the Vatican. Tore down the old Saint Peter’s Basilica and began work on the present structure in 1506. He commissioned Michalangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel.
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| show | Wrote The Prince (1513), the first modern manual of politics. It was a very secular text based on reality and practical politics. Believed the end justifies the means. His model was Cesare Borgia.
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| Montaigne (1533-1592) | show 🗑
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| Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) | show 🗑
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| Johann Gutenberg (1397?-1468) | show 🗑
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| show | Monarchies that took measures to limit the power of the Roman Catholic Church within their countries.
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| show | Conspiracy to overthrow the Medici’s in Florence.
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| Petrarch (1304-1374) | show 🗑
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| show | The 1400’s.
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| Cinquecento | show 🗑
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| show | French satirical author. Gargantua and Pantagruel.
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| show | A man that is multitalented and is well educated.
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| Revival of antiquity | show 🗑
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| show | Dominican friar who attacked paganism and moral vice of Medici and Alexander VI. Burned at the stake in Florence.
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| show | The belief in material things instead of religious things.
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| show | On Pleasure, and On false Donation of Constantine. Father of modern historical criticism.
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| Vernacular | show 🗑
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| Virtu | show 🗑
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| Catherine de’Medici (1519-1589) | show 🗑
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| show | Declared the king the supreme head of the Church of England.
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| show | Upholding to the teachings of the Church of England as defined by Elizabeth I. Initially advocated 3 sacraments but kept only 2: Communion and baptism.
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| John Calvin (1509-1564) | show 🗑
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| show | The bread and wine undergo a spiritual change.
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| show | Catholic belief that the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Christ.
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| show | Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend.
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| show | Prepared the First Book of Common Prayer.
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| show | Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
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| show | Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship.
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| show | When a person is expelled from the Catholic church.
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| Huguenots | show 🗑
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| John Hus (1369?-1415) | show 🗑
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| show | Founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of Protestantism, Spiritual Exercises.
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| Indulgences | show 🗑
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| The Institutes of Christian Religion | show 🗑
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| show | Members of the Society of Jesus, staunch Catholics. Led by Loyola, they were dedicated to removing the abuses of the church and restoring the Catholic Church.
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| John Knox (1505?-1572) | show 🗑
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| show | 95 Theses, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: communion and baptism. Justification through faith alone, good works is a result of justification. Lutherans owe l
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| Simony | show 🗑
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| show | The practice of lending money for interest.
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| Theocracy | show 🗑
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| show | Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life. God already knows who is going to Heaven regardless of their life on Earth.
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| Johann Tetzel | show 🗑
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| Thomas Wolsey (1474?-1530) | show 🗑
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| John Wycliffe (1328?-1384) | show 🗑
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| show | Swiss reformer, influenced by Christian humanism. He looked to the state to supervise the church. Banned music and relics from services. Killed in a civil war.
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| Baroque | show 🗑
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| Henry IV of Bourbon-Navarre (1553-1610) | show 🗑
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| show | The throwing of Catholic officials from a castle window in Bohemia. Started the Thirty Years' War.
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| show | Treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and readjusted the religious and political affairs of Europe.
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| show | Mass slaying of Huguenots (Protestants) in Paris, on Saint Bartholomew's Day.
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| War of the Three Henrys | show 🗑
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| show | Italian-born navigator explored the coast of New England, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. Gave England a claim in North America.
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| show | Claimed Brazil for Portugal
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| show | Big commercial center for importing and exporting commodities.
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| Conquistadores | show 🗑
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| Bartholomew Diaz (1487-1488) | show 🗑
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| show | English sea captain, robbed Spanish treasure ships and 'singed the king beard' involved in the fighting the Spanish armada (1588).
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| King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella | show 🗑
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| show | Indians were required to work a certain number of days for a land owner, but had their own land to work as well.
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| Vasco da Gama (1496?-1524) | show 🗑
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| Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) | show 🗑
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| Ferdinand Magellan (1480?-1521) | show 🗑
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| Northwest Passage | show 🗑
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| Sir Walter Raleigh (1552?-1618) | show 🗑
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| show | Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.
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| show | Italian explorer of the Atlantic coast of North America.
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| Absolutism | show 🗑
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| Sovereignty | show 🗑
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| Totalitarianism | show 🗑
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| show | Became President of the Council of ministers and the first minister of the French crown. Strengthened the absolute power of King Louis XIII.
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| show | Influenced by Richelieu to exult the French monarchy as the embodiment of the French state.
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| Fronde (1648-53) | show 🗑
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| show | Became a cardinal in 1641, succeeded Richelieu and dominated the power in French government.
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| Louis XIV | show 🗑
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| show | An advisor to Louis XIV who proved himself a financial genius who managed the entire royal administration.
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| Mercantilism | show 🗑
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| French Classicism | show 🗑
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| show | French classical painter who painted the Rape of the Sabine Women, known as the greatest French painter of the 17th century.
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| William of Orange (r. 1689-1702) | show 🗑
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| Peace of Utrecht (1713) | show 🗑
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| Constitutionalism | show 🗑
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| show | Written by English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, maintained that sovereignty is ultimately derived from the people, who transfer it to the monarchy by implicit contract. Claimed only absolutism could save society from constant war in which life was “solitary
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| William Laud(e) (1573-1645) | show 🗑
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| Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) | show 🗑
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| show | Restored the English monarchy to Charles II, both Houses of Parliament were restored, established Anglican Church, courts of law and local government.
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| show | Believed people were born like blank slates and the environment shapes development, (tabula rasa). Wrote Essay Concerning Human Understanding, and Second Treatise of Government.
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| Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) | show 🗑
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| show | Stated no law could be suspended by the king; no taxes raised; no army maintained except by parliamentary consent. Established after The Glorious Revolution.
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| New Model Army | show 🗑
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| show | Initiated by Sir Edward Coke, it limited the power of Charles I of England: a) could not declare martial law; b) could not collect taxes; c) could not imprison people without cause; d) soldiers could not be housed without consent.
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| show | European conflict caused by the rival claims for the dominions of the Habsburg family. Before the death of Charles VI, Holy Roman emperor and archduke of Austria, many of the European powers had guaranteed that Charles's daughter Maria Theresa would succe
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| Junkers | show 🗑
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| Pragmatic Sanction (1713) | show 🗑
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| Streltsi | show 🗑
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| show | Russian royal family, started with Michael Romanov (1613) and lasted until 1917.
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| show | First man who made modern Prussia by strengthening the army and centralizing the bureaucracy.
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| show | Land owning aristocracy in early Russia.
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| Dvorianie | show 🗑
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| Muscovy | show 🗑
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| Hohenzollern | show 🗑
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| Aristotelian World View | show 🗑
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| Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) | show 🗑
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| Francis Bacon (1561-1626) | show 🗑
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| Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) | show 🗑
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| show | Physicist who said nothing can be known beyond all doubt.
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| show | Swedish astronomer who invented measurement of temp- Celsius.
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| show | Polish clergyman. Sun was the center of the universe; the planets went around it. On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres (1543). Destroyed Aristotle's view of the universe
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| Heliocentric Theory | show 🗑
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| show | Earth is the center of the universe. Aristotelian view.
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| Descartes (1596-1650) | show 🗑
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| show | Descartes, doubt everything and use deductive reasoning. Reasoning based on facts. Combined with empiricism to create scientific method.
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| Inductive Reasoning | show 🗑
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| Discourse on Methods (1677) | show 🗑
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| Empiricism | show 🗑
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| Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) | show 🗑
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| Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) | show 🗑
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| Gresham College | show 🗑
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| show | Englishman who announced blood circulates throughout the body. Laid the foundation of modern medicine.
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| Carl Linnaeus (1707-78) | show 🗑
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| Natural Law | show 🗑
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| show | English scientist and mathematician who developed 3 laws of motion. Principal of Natural Philosophy (1687).
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| show | Last great ancient astronomer; there was a place for God. Complicated rules used to explain minor irregularities in the movement of the planets.
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| The Royal Society of London | show 🗑
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| Discourses on the Origins of Inequalities | show 🗑
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| show | French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide.
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| show | God built the Universe and let it run. Clockmaker theory.
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| Enlightened despot | show 🗑
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| show | Promoting human welfare and social reform.
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| Two Treatise of Civil Government (1690) | show 🗑
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| show | Written by Locke, tabula rasa theory.
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| show | Art style that focuses on pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits.
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| show | Montesquieu, about separation of powers.
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| The Social Contract (1762) | show 🗑
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| show | Voltaire’s novel satirizing society and organized religion in Europe.
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| Montesquieu (1689-1755) | show 🗑
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| Capitalism | show 🗑
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| Cosmopolitanism | show 🗑
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| show | Betterment of the community. Founded by Rousseau, he felt that the will of the people determines a country's course in economics and politics.
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| show | English painter. Marriage à la Mode (1745) and The Harlot’s Progress (1732).
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| show | Written by Buffon, discussed scientific matters.
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| Physiocrats | show 🗑
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| Adam Smith (1723-1790) | show 🗑
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| Jethro Tull (1674-1741) | show 🗑
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| show | 18th century English movement, marked the rise of market oriented estate.
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| Jean le Rond D’Alembert (1717-1783) | show 🗑
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| show | Paper currency, the French churches were used as collateral -the first French paper currency issued by the General Assembly.
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| Bastille | show 🗑
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| Bougeoisie | show 🗑
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| Committee of Public Safety | show 🗑
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| show | Led by "Gracchus" Babeuf, an attempt to renew violent rebellion after the Thermidore reaction,-communistic.
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| Consulate | show 🗑
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| National Convention | show 🗑
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| Danton | show 🗑
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| Jacques Louis David (1748-1825) | show 🗑
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| show | Written by the National Convention -declared all men could do anything as long as it did not harm others.
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| Encyclopedie | show 🗑
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| Estates General | show 🗑
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| Gabelle | show 🗑
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| Girondists | show 🗑
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| show | Created by Napoleon-kept watch over their own area of France -allowed Napoleon not to have to worry about petty problems.
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| Levée en Masse | show 🗑
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| show | Site of palace outside Paris. Women marched there to demand action from Louis XVI.
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| First Estate | show 🗑
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| Second Estate | show 🗑
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| show | Peasants, artisans etc. Every one not in the First or Second Estate.
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| Tennis Court Oaths (1789) | show 🗑
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| show | King of France-executed for treason by the National Convention-absolute monarch-husband of Marie Antoinette.
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| Marie Antoinette (1755-1793) | show 🗑
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| show | A very radical Jacobin and member of the National Assembly. He led the Mountains and created the Committee of Public Safety, which he led a dictator. He also began the Reign of Terror during which time he tried to eliminate all opposition. Executed in 179
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| show | Petty laborers and laboring poor-wore pants not knee breeches-became a major political group in revolutionary France.
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| show | Followed the storming of the Bastille-people were scared of outlaws and reprisals-fanned flames of rebellion.
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| show | Fast and relatively humane-used for mass executions.
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| show | The attempt by the Convention, led by Robespierre, to suppress the counter revolution. Hundreds were executed including Danton and Marie Antoinette. Ended with the Thermidorian Reaction.
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| show | A reaction against the violence of the Reign of Terror. Robespierre was executed.
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| Ancien Regime | show 🗑
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| Regicide | show 🗑
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| show | English feminist author who wrote Vindication of the Rights of Women. She went to Paris to witness the Revolution.
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| show | Group of five men who served after Robespierre and the Assembly. It was created to remedy the abuses of Robespierre, but it was weak and ineffective form of government. Overthrown by Napoleon.
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| show | Issued by Napoleon, instituted the Continental System, in the response to British blockade of commercial ports under French control.
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| Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844) | show 🗑
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| show | In 1806 Napoleon dissolved the archaic Holy Roman Empire. League of German States organized by Napoleon in 1813 after defeating the Austrians at Austerlitz. The league collapsed after Napoleon's defeat in Russia.
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| show | French economic plan to cripple Britain. Beginning with the Berlin Decree (1806) Napoleon closed all European ports to British ships. The Continental System was largely a failure since it hurt the European economy as well as the British economy. Napoleon
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| show | Combined French armies under Napoleon. Virtually destroyed during Napoleon's ill-fated Russian campaign.
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| show | Tried to issue the Constitutional Charter of 1814, which accepted many revolutionary changes and guaranteed civil liberties
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| show | Laws, especially civil laws, passed by Napoleon. Took away many of the rights gained by women, aimed at reestablishing the "family monarchy". Modified after Napoleon's defeat, but still is the basis of continental law.
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| Peninsula War | show 🗑
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| show | A vote of the people.
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| Rosetta Stone | show 🗑
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| show | French representative at the Congress of Vienna and limited the demands of other countries upon the French.
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| Saint Helena | show 🗑
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| show | Britain's Admiral Nelson destroyed the combined French and Spanish navies. Nelson was killed but invasion of Britain now became impossible.
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| Metternich, Count Klemens von (1773-1859) | show 🗑
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| Castlereagh, Viscount (1769-1822) | show 🗑
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| The Hundred Days | show 🗑
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| Sir Richard Arkwright (1732-1792) | show 🗑
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| show | Believed that public problems should be dealt with on a rational scientific basis. Believed in the idea of the greatest good for the greatest number. Wrote, Principles of Morals and Legislation.
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| Edmund Cartwright (1743-1823) | show 🗑
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| show | Agitation against poor laws-working class discontent.
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| Combination Acts | show 🗑
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| The Communist Manifesto (1848) | show 🗑
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| show | 1815 tariff on imported grain to protect domestic producers. Repealed in 1846.
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| show | Refined pig iron-puddling furnace-heavy rolling mills
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| show | British Conservative-extended vote to all middle class male workers, needed to broaden aristocratic voter base.
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| Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) | show 🗑
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| Factory Act | show 🗑
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| show | French social theorist-criticized capitalism-wanted socialist utopia and emancipation of women.
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| James Hargreaves | show 🗑
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| show | New inventions, cotton and iron-changed small businesses beyond all recognition. New inventions improved production and abolished cottage industry.
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| John Kay (1704-1764) | show 🗑
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| show | Minimal governmental interference in the economic affairs. Espoused by Adam Smith and François Quesnay.
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| show | German
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| show | English inventor of a steam engine (1705) that used coal, very inefficient.
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| show | Scottish industrialist who spoke out about hiring children. Created mills in New Harmony.
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| show | Draft of Reform Bill, which called for universal suffrage payment of members of Parliament and annual elections-6 main points.
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| Poor Law (1834) | show 🗑
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| Tory | show 🗑
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| Utopian Socialism | show 🗑
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| show | Added a condenser to Newcomen's steam engine to make it more efficient. Led to steam becoming a viable source of power.
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| Whig | show 🗑
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| Alexander II (r.1855-81) | show 🗑
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| Ausgleich (1867) | show 🗑
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| show | Refers to Prussian tactics brought about by Otto von Bismarck; his unification of Germany was through a policy of "blood and iron".
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| Bundesrat | show 🗑
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| Count Camillo di Cavour (1810-1861) | show 🗑
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| show | A secret society; designated to overthrow Bonapartist rulers; they were liberal patriots.
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| Carlsbad Decrees (1819) | show 🗑
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| show | Monarch rules with limitations by the constitution; written or unwritten.
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| show | A message from William I of Prussia to Napoleon III, which brought France into the Franco Prussian war. Bismarck altered the wording in such a way as to provoke France into declaring war.
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| show | War between France and Prussia; seen as German victory; seen as a struggle of Darwinism; led to Prussia being the most powerful European nation. Instigated by Bismarck; France seen as the aggressor.
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| show | Personified the romantic revolutionary nationalism. Attempted to unify Germany.
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| Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-82) | show 🗑
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| show | Leader of the Hungarians, demanded national autonomy with full liberties and universal suffrage in 1848.
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| Leopold II (r. 1865-1909) | show 🗑
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| show | The base ideas of liberty and equality.
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| show | In 1867 the Hungarian nobility restored the constitution of 1848 and used it to dominate both the Magyar peasantry & the minority population.
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| show | Italy idealistic patriot; preached a centralized democratic republic based on universal suffrage and the will of the people.
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| show | Pride in one's nation, group, or traditions; a desire for independence.
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| Napoleon III (r. 1852-1870) | show 🗑
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| show | A movement to promote the independence of Slav people. Roughly started with the Congress in Prague; supported by Russia. Led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877.
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| show | Political theory, advocated by Bismarck, that national success justifies any means possible. Very Machiavellian.
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| Red Shirts | show 🗑
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| show | Popularly elected parliament in Germany. Very little power.
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| show | Pope Pius IX denounced rationalism, socialism, and separation of church and state.
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| show | The end of the Franco-Prussian War. Alsace and Lorraine given to Germany.
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| show | Prussian chancellor who engineered the unification of Germany under his rule.
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| show | Economic custom union of German states, founded in 1818 by Prussia. Eliminated internal tariffs.
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| Risorgimento | show 🗑
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| Grossdeutsch | show 🗑
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| Kleindeutsch | show 🗑
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| Volksgeist | show 🗑
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| Algeciras Conference (1906) | show 🗑
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| show | One who dominates the political, social, and economic life of another.
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| show | exploited by Leopold II at Belgium under the Berlin Act, Leopold was supposed to act as a trustee. He violated the agreement and stripped the country of its resources.
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| show | A war in South Africa between the English and the Dutch settlers. England won despite early setbacks. Showed that English tactics were no good and needed to be modernized.
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| East India Company | show 🗑
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| Congress of Berlin (1885) | show 🗑
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| Fashoda Incident (1896) | show 🗑
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| show | Played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism.
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| show | Relationship between 2 states in which the stronger state guarantees to protect the weaker state from external aggression in return for full or partial control of its domestic and foreign affairs.
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| show | In international politics, the claim by a state to exclusive or predominant control over a foreign area or territory.
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| The White Man’s Burden (1899) | show 🗑
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| show | Written by Joseph Conrad. The story reflects the physical and psychological shock Conrad himself experienced in 1890, when he worked briefly in the Belgian Congo.
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| show | Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria took Macedonia from the Ottomans in 1912. Serbia then fought Bulgaria in the second Balkan War in 1913 Austria intervened to stop the war.
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| show | Bismarck acted as the “honest broker” helping the European powers solve the Eastern question.
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| Berlin Conference (1885) | show 🗑
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| show | Ultra Nationalist, Serbian Society. Secretly supported by members of the Serbian government.
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| show | Forced recruitment into the army to meet the needs of war.
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| show | Last Austrian Emperor abdicated November 1918. The next day Austria was declared a Republic as was Hungary.
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|
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| show | Britain and France agreed to work together to solidify their position in the world in the face of growing German expansion. Britain gained control of Egypt. France gained control of Morocco. Not a written alliance, only an agreement that was basically aga
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| Francis Ferdinand | show 🗑
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| Isolationism | show 🗑
|
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| Joseph Joffre (1852-1931) | show 🗑
|
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| Kaiser Wilhelm II (r. 1888-1918) | show 🗑
|
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| show | William II sent Kruger of the Transvaal a congratulatory telegram upon hearing of the failure of the Jamison Raid. Alerted Britain of the dangers from Germany.
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|
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| V. I. Lenin (1870-1924) | show 🗑
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| Triple Entente (1914) | show 🗑
|
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| show | Allies worked out terms for peace with Germany, precursor to the United Nations.
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| show | Sunk in 1915 by a German submarine. 139 American killed. Forced Germany to stop submarine warfare.
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| show | A major French victory against the invading German army at the start of WWI. In reality lost Germany the war.
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| Morocco Crisis (1911) | show 🗑
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| show | the last tsar. Wanted supreme rule of army and government. Led the armies to defeat. Forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Duma.
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| show | Treaty between Bolsheviks and Germans, dictated by the Germans: 1) Russia lost 1/3 of her population. 2) height of German success in World War I. Signed by Lenin.
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| Treaty of Versailles | show 🗑
|
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| Battle of Verdun (1916) | show 🗑
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| show | President Wilson’s Peace proposal in 1918 stressed national self-determination and the rights of the small countries. Freedom of the seas and free trade. Clemenceau said, "God only had ten."
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| show | U.S. President, who led USA into WWI. He proposed the 14 points. He attended the peace conference at Versailles.
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| Zimmerman Telegram | show 🗑
|
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| Nicholas II (1868-1918) | show 🗑
|
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| show | Issued by the Petrograd Soviet stripped officers of their authority and placed the power in the hands of elected committees of common soldiers.
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| show | In Russia 1905 Russian soldiers inadvertently opened fire on demonstrators, turning them against the tsar. Possibly the start of the Revolution.
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||||
| show | Civil unrest that followed the failed Russo-Japanese War and the massacre of Bloody Sunday. Forced Tsar Nicholas to issue the October Manifesto in which he promised to create a Duma.
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|
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| Bolsheviks | show 🗑
|
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| Cheka | show 🗑
|
||||
| Kulaks | show 🗑
|
||||
| Gulags | show 🗑
|
||||
| Decembrist Revolt | show 🗑
|
||||
| Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Duma | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Issued by the Russian Government. The tsar retained great power. The Duma was elected by universal male suffrage. The Upper House could pass laws but the Tsar had veto power.
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|
||||
| show | Headed the Provisional Government in 1917. Refused to redistribute confiscated landholdings to the peasants. Thought fighting the war was a national duty. He fled to America after the Bolshevik coup.
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|
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| show | A provisional government formed after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. It was led by Alexander Kerensky who wanted free elections and a Constituent Assembly and was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in November 1917.
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| General Kornilov | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Rebellion of previously loyal sailors at the naval base. Suppressed by the military. After the revolt Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy.
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|
||||
| show | Bolsheviks become the leaders of Russia.
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|
||||
| show | 'Minority group'. They were Social Democrats who opposed Lenin in 1902.
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|
||||
| show | Peasant village assembly responsible to the government.
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|
||||
| show | Issued in Russia because of fear of a general strike. Granted full civil rights and a popular parliament- Duma.
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|
||||
| show | Economic plan to bring make the Soviet Union economically competitive. One plan simply replaced another.
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|
||||
| show | Lenin’s slogan in the Revolution. Peace from the war; Land for the peasants; Food for all.Anschluss
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|
||||
| Anti-Comintern Pact (1936) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Atlantic Charter (August 1941) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Resolved to accept nothing less than unconditional surrender of Axis powers. Also decided to go ahead with invasion of Sicily and Italy.
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|
||||
| Neville Chamberlain (1869-1940) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Perhaps the greatest wartime leader; rallied the British with his speeches, infectious confidence, and bulldog determination; known for his "iron curtain" speech; led the British during World War II; agreed Hitler should be
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|
||||
| D-Day (June 6, 1944) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Battle of Stalingrad (1942) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | French leader of the radical socialists; accepted Hitler’s terms for peace.
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|
||||
| Francisco Franco (1892-1975) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Room to move. Phrase used by Hitler to justify invasion of other countries.
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|
||||
| Lend-Lease Program (1941) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Maginot Line | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Britain, France and other countries (not the USSR); they agreed that Sudentenland should be ceded to Germany; Chamberlain secured peace with Germany.
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|
||||
| show | Advocates of peace. Anabaptists laid great stress on this; they would not run for office or serve in the armed forces.
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|
||||
| show | Brought forward many differences over east Europe; Stalin would not allow any type of freely elected government in east European countries; Roosevelt had died and was succeeded by Harry Truman, who demanded free elections.
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|
||||
| Rome-Berlin Axis (1936) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | "Desert Fox"- May 1942; German and Italian armies were led by him and attacked British occupied Egypt and the Suez Canal for the second time; was defeated at the Battle of El Alamein; was moved to France to oversee the defenses before D-Day; tried to assa
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hitler and Stalin promised to remain neutral if either country were to become involved in war. Germany violated the pact by invading Russia in 1941.
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|
||||
| show | Communist statesman; leader of Bolshevik Party; became ruler of USSR after Lenin; assumed full military and political leadership.
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|
||||
| show | Hitler wanted German-speaking people in West Czechoslovakia; this would be given to Germany by France and Britain who both refused to stop Hitler.
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|
||||
| show | Meeting between Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill; confirmed their defense to crush Hitler.
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|
||||
| Yalta Conference (1945) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Konrad Adenauer (1876-1967) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Socialist Labor Party under him moved toward establishment of a "Welfare State"; formed government of England after Churchill; nationalized industries.
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|
||||
| show | West German chancellor; sought peace with East Germany; went to Poland in December 1970; laid a wreath at the tomb of the unknown soldier and another monument commemorating the armed uprising of Warsaw's Jewish ghetto against Nazi armies after which the g
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|
||||
| Brezhnev Doctrine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | International relations involving the deliberate creation of a risk of war to apply pressure on the other party.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The economic association organized by the communist states
🗑
|
||||
| show | U.S. policy that attempted to contain Communism in areas already occupied by the Red Army as indicated in the Truman Doctrine.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Brought about by the Marshall Plan in 1948 as an attempt to evolve into a Parliament yet became only a multinational debating society.
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|
||||
| Charles De Gaulle (1890-1970) | show 🗑
|
||||
| de-Stalinization | show 🗑
|
||||
| Anthony Eden (1897-1977) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ludwig Erhard | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | European Atomic Energy Community established by the treaty of Rome to regulate and research nuclear energy merged with the EEC.
🗑
|
||||
| show | International organization to control and integrate all European coal and steel production. Consisted of West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France. Number one goal to be economically tied together so that war against them or by one
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|
||||
| show | Caused by the Marshall Plan. Developed in 1957.
🗑
|
||||
| Hungarian Revolution (1956) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Iron Curtain Speech (March 1946) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Russian premier after Stalin. Led de-Stalinization of Russia. A reformer who argued for major innovations.
🗑
|
||||
| Marshall Plan (1947) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Liberal Communist reformer installed as Chief by the people of Budapest. He was executed by the Soviets for supporting the Hungarian people in the revolution of 1956.
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|
||||
| Nicolae Ceauşescu (1918-1989) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | North Atlantic Treaty Organization- formed in 1949 by U.S. anti-Soviet Military alliance of Western Governments.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Krushev’s foreign policy; peaceful coexistence with communism was possible.
🗑
|
||||
| Schuman Plan (1950) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Treaty of Rome | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Counter to NATO created by Stalin to tighten his hold on satellites. Albania withdrew in 1968 when Czechoslovakia was invaded.
🗑
|
||||
| Perestroika | show 🗑
|
||||
| Glasnost | show 🗑
|
||||
| re-Stalinization | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
xavierip
Popular European History sets