Neuroanatomy unit 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Secondary vesicles formed from Prosencephalon | Telencephalon, Diencephalon
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| SEcondary vesicles formed from Rhombencephalon | Metencephalon, Myelencephalon
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| Craniorachischisis | complete failure of the neural tube closure
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| Spinal bifida occulata | 1+ vertebrae fail to close, but overlying skin is closed
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| Spinal bifida aperata | protrusion of meninges and/or spinal cord
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| meningocele | vertebrae fail to form over defect; defected portion still covered by meninges and skin
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| meningomyelocele | herniation of spinal cord and meninges through defect in vertebrae
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| Arnold-Chaiari malformation | cerebellum and brainstem are pushed down through foramen magnum; blocks flow of CSF
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| anencephaly | ROSTRAL neuropore fails to close (meningocele and spinal bifida = CAUDAL), cerebral hemisphere is absent
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| alpha-fetoprotein | a marker in amniotic fluid used to detect neural tube closure
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| holoprosencephaly | partial or complete failure of the prosencephalon to separate into the diencephalons
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| fetal alcohol syndrome | complete absence of the CORPUS CALLOSUM
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| hetertopias | enlarged lateral ventricle --> seizure activity
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| lissencephaly | cortical folding almost completely absent due to defective migration of neurons during months 3-4
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| anyotropic lateral sclerosis (LAS) and Polio | degeneration of motor neurons
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| tabes dordalis | late stage of syphilis, affect sensory neurons
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| parkinson's | dopaminergic neurons are degenerated
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| alzheimer's | cholinergic neurons in CNS are degenerated first, then other parts of brain
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| Myasthenia gravis | loss of neurotransmitter receptors at postsynaptic membrane
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| PNS glia cells | Schwann cells (one per segment), Satellite cells
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| CNS glia cells (neuroglia) | oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells
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| oligodendrocyte | forms myelin sheath in white matter of CNS; single oligo may wrap dozens of axons
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| astrocyte | provides support to neurons
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| three types of astrocytes | protoplasmic- part of blood-brain barrier
fibrous- repair damaged tissue, may -> scar
radial glia- developmental, guide axonal growth and neuronal migration
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| Microglia | respond to CNS injury, transform to macrophages
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| ependymal cells | form lining of ventricles
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| Multiple Sclerosis | demyelinating disease in CNS that interfere with motor and sensory, oligodendrocytes are destroyed gradually
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| Guillan-Barre | axonal demyelination in PNS
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| derivation of brain tumors | glia cells
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| Supporting tissues in PNS | epineurium- continues with dura mater
perineurium
endoneurium- surround each schwann cell
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Created by:
jesters
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