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Neuroanatomy unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Secondary vesicles formed from Prosencephalon | Telencephalon, Diencephalon |
| SEcondary vesicles formed from Rhombencephalon | Metencephalon, Myelencephalon |
| Craniorachischisis | complete failure of the neural tube closure |
| Spinal bifida occulata | 1+ vertebrae fail to close, but overlying skin is closed |
| Spinal bifida aperata | protrusion of meninges and/or spinal cord |
| meningocele | vertebrae fail to form over defect; defected portion still covered by meninges and skin |
| meningomyelocele | herniation of spinal cord and meninges through defect in vertebrae |
| Arnold-Chaiari malformation | cerebellum and brainstem are pushed down through foramen magnum; blocks flow of CSF |
| anencephaly | ROSTRAL neuropore fails to close (meningocele and spinal bifida = CAUDAL), cerebral hemisphere is absent |
| alpha-fetoprotein | a marker in amniotic fluid used to detect neural tube closure |
| holoprosencephaly | partial or complete failure of the prosencephalon to separate into the diencephalons |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | complete absence of the CORPUS CALLOSUM |
| hetertopias | enlarged lateral ventricle --> seizure activity |
| lissencephaly | cortical folding almost completely absent due to defective migration of neurons during months 3-4 |
| anyotropic lateral sclerosis (LAS) and Polio | degeneration of motor neurons |
| tabes dordalis | late stage of syphilis, affect sensory neurons |
| parkinson's | dopaminergic neurons are degenerated |
| alzheimer's | cholinergic neurons in CNS are degenerated first, then other parts of brain |
| Myasthenia gravis | loss of neurotransmitter receptors at postsynaptic membrane |
| PNS glia cells | Schwann cells (one per segment), Satellite cells |
| CNS glia cells (neuroglia) | oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells |
| oligodendrocyte | forms myelin sheath in white matter of CNS; single oligo may wrap dozens of axons |
| astrocyte | provides support to neurons |
| three types of astrocytes | protoplasmic- part of blood-brain barrier fibrous- repair damaged tissue, may -> scar radial glia- developmental, guide axonal growth and neuronal migration |
| Microglia | respond to CNS injury, transform to macrophages |
| ependymal cells | form lining of ventricles |
| Multiple Sclerosis | demyelinating disease in CNS that interfere with motor and sensory, oligodendrocytes are destroyed gradually |
| Guillan-Barre | axonal demyelination in PNS |
| derivation of brain tumors | glia cells |
| Supporting tissues in PNS | epineurium- continues with dura mater perineurium endoneurium- surround each schwann cell |
Created by:
jesters
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