USMLE Step 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Plasmodium vivax | only attacks immature RBCs, + hypnozoites:stage that stay w/in host & start reproduction only after a longer phase of inactivity, also called dormozoites,cause malaria
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| Plasmodium ovale | only attacks immature RBCs, + hypnozoites:stage that stay w/in host & start reproduction only after a longer phase of inactivity, also called dormozoites,cause malaria
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| Plasmodium falciparum | infects RBCs of all ages & at all stages,more RBCs infected=occlusion of capillaries w/ RBC aggregates=hemorrhage & necrosis in many organs,including brain,cause cerebral malaria,'Black Water Fever'-urine dark due to hemoglobinuria,cause malaria
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| Plasmodium malariae | only mature RBCs are infected,only one w/ 72 hr cycle,cause malaria
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| Babesia | causes Babeiosis,malaria-like sxs,vector:Ixodes tick,range:NE US & Cali,dx:bld smear w/ trophozoites in RBCs occur in pairs & tetrads in Maltese cross formation
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| Pneumocystis carinii, now termed Pneumocystis jiroveci known as a yeast-prior was thought to be a protozoan, note prophylax when CD < 200 & use methamidine Au 2 stain bronchial lavage | in horses,sheep,rodents;transmitted by inhalation;asx;cause diffuse interstitial pneumonia(PCP),in AIDS pt & premies,spread 2 liver,spleen & bone marrow,100% fatal w/o tx,sudden onset fever,cough & dyspnea,bilat rales & rhonchi,tx w/ TMP-SMX or dapsone
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| Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplamosis) | in cats;encephalitis:in immunocompromised cause brain abscess in HIV;congenital;acquired from contaminated food (cat feces or undercooked meat) or inhalation onto GI mucosa then swallowed;prophylax AIDS pts
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| Leishmania donovani (visceral leishmaniasis) | vector:sandfly -> RES -> Kala-Azar (pancytopenia & splenomegaly) -> untx progress to GI bld,intermittent fever,weight loss,hyperpigmentation -> Black sickness;reservoir:dog,fox,rodent;100% M&M w/o tx
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| Leishmania brasiliensis | causes Espundia -> mucocutaneous ulcers & destruction of nasal cartilage
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| Leishmania mexicana (cutaneous leighmaniasis,'chicle ulcer') | red papule at bite site -> enlrges w/ satellite lesions -> ulcerate & coalesce,100% mortality w/o tx
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| Leishmania tropica (cutaneous leishmaniasis,'oriental sore' or 'Delhi boil') | red papule at bite site -> enlrges w/ satellite lesions -> ulcerate & coalesce,100% mortality w/o tx
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| Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease,American Trypanosomiasis) | Range:South America,Vector:reduviid bug (kissing bug),bite -> facial edema -> focal nodule -> can be asx or go onto invasion of myocytes & GI plexus -> arrhythmias or CHF or toxic megacolon or mega-esophagus w/ achalasia
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| Trypanosoma brucei (subspecies gambiense) | vector:tse-tse fly;reservoir:humans;range:west Africa(waterways);trypanomast in2 skin via bite-bld-lymph-brain;1st:fever,2nd: lymphadenopathy,3rd:encephalopathy,sleep-wake cycle opposite of nml,mood changes,slurred speech,tremors,apathy,somnolence,coma
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| Trypanosoma brucei (subspecies rhodesiense), note more severe b/c fatal w/in months | vector:tse-tse fly;reservoir:cattle;range:arid east Africa;trypanomast in2 skin via bite-bld-lymph-brain;1st:fever,2nd: lymphadenopathy,3rd:encephalopathy,sleep-wake cycle opposite of nml,mood changes,slurred speech,tremors,apathy,somnolence,coma
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| Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis), note kill w/ iodine & filters, no animal reservoir, dx by Ab detect or wet mount O&P | cyst=4 nuclei,disease spread via cyst,trophozoite classic amoeba shape,infects colon,cyst divide in2 8 trophozoite cause tear drop or flask-shaped ulcers in colon=bldy diarrhea,can enter portal vein 2 cause hepatic abscess,transmit fecal-PO or anal sex
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| Giardia lamblia (giardiasis) | transmit:fecal-PO,reservoir:many mammals,cyst (4 nuclei),trophozoite:2 nuclei,4 pairs of flagella,infects small intestine,assoc w/ drinking stream H2O,non-bldy,FOUL-smelling diarrhea,dx:'string test' or modern method Giardia Ab or wet mount O&P
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| Cryptosporidium | severe diarrhea in HIV vs mild watery diarrhea in non-HIV,transmit:fecal-PO from animals or humans,affect s.intestine,non-bldy diarrhea becomes problem b/c of dehydration & electrolyte balance,acquired through drinking public H2O/tap water,dx:acid fast
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| Trichomonas vaginalis (STI called trichomoniasis) | vaginitis,foul-smelling greenish discharge,pruritis & burning,transmit sexually,no cyst,trophozoite:1 nucleus,4 flagella w/ undulating memebrane,pear shaped,dx:wet mount
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| Naegleria fowleri | amoeba,acquired by swimming in freshH2O lakes in Southern US (both East & West),enters the nasal mucosa & passes thru cribriform plate,causes purulent meningoencephalitis that is RAPIDLY FATAL >_<
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| Acanthamoeba castellanii | an amoeba,causes keratitis in healthy contact lens users
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
jerrica_08
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