Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 25
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| Captian Cook | spanish explorer set on the island of hawaii, where he was able to communicate with the hawaiian people, which helped him adapt to the island | after cook died, many exploreres started to sail into the pasific islands | 1768-1779 | chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Viceroys | Representatives in the Americas that belonged to the King of Spain and they held a lot of power. | Mexico and Peru were each governed by a viceroy who was responsible to the king of Spain. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Peninsulares | Officials from Span and Portugal. | Peninsulares were at the top of the social hierarchy in both the Spanish and the Portuguese colonies. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Christopher Columbus | He undertook his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean planning to build forts and trading post. | Columbus made the island of Hispaniola the base of Spanish operations in the Caribbean. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| VOC- United East India Company | It was a Joint stock company from Dutch. | It opperated the Dutch trading posts with government support. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Quinto | Mexican silver production that was for the Spanish Kings. | Quinto was the principal revenue that derived from American possessions. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Manila Galleons | Fast ships that brought goods from China to Mexico and carried silver from Mexico to China | It allowed trading to go faster and easier between China and Mexico. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Manila | Port city that became the Spanish capital of the Philippines after the Spanish conquest on the Philippines. | The port where the Manila galleons stopped at which let the American silver quickly travel throughout the world. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| East India Company | Joint-stock company in India that was owned by Britain | This allowed Britian to possess their own armed forces in India. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Conquistadores | Spanish adventurers who conquered Central and South America. | Conquistadores conquered land beyond the Caribbean islands into Mexico and south into Panama and Peru. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Engenho | Brazilian sugar mill | symbolize the start of sugar plantations | 1500-1800 | chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Hacienda | Large Latin American estates | produced foodstuffs for its own use as well as for sale to local markets | 17th century | chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Tainos | A Caribbean tribe who were the first indigenous peoples from the Americas to come into contact with Christopher Columbus | The Tainos showed interest in glass, beds, and metal tools that spanish mariners brought as trade goods | Late centuries B.C.E. | chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Audencias | Spanish courts in Latin America. | Audencias were able to review viceroys decisions and policies and helped society by addressing concerns to the Spanish king resulting sometimes in severe punishment. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas
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| Criollos | Creoles, people born in the Americas of Spanish or Portuguese ancestry. | Criollos or creoles helped contribute to the social stability of Spanish and Portuguese colonies holding the second to highest spot in the social hierarchy of these societies. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas
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| Encomienda | System that gave the Spanish settlers (encomenderos) the right to compel the indigenous peoples of the Americas to work in the minds or fields. | Under this system Spanish conquerers were able to produce an efficient amount of agriculture, etc. and native populations forced into labor were in benefited in that they owned most of the land they cultivated. | 1500s | Chapter 25 | The Americas
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| Mestizo | Latin American term for children of Spanish and native parentage. | These European migrants were essential contributers to their society and drastically changed the social order that they migrated to. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas
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| Metis | Canadian term for individuals of mixed European and indeginous ancestry. | Metis was the French equalization of Mestizos and were significant because cultural ideas were borrowed from them and mixed into society. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas
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| Repartimiento | Spanish labor system in Latin America, supposed to replace the encomienda system, in which native communities were compelled to provide laborers for the farms or mines and the Spanish employers were expected to pay fair wages. | Seeing as encomiendas had abused the indigenous workers, the Repartimiento system was significant because it created the morality that Spanish employers were supposed to pay their laborers fair wage. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas
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| Zambos | Latin American term for individuals born of indigenous and African parents. | Like Mestizos and Metis, Zambos were particuarily significant because they contributed greatly to society by spreading their cultural ideas as well as creating a diverse community. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas
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| Treaty of Tordesillas | A treaty signed by Spain and Portugal in 1494 that divided the world along a North-South line that identified land ownership within the countries. | This treaty was significant because it initiated organization and stability between the countries of Spain and Portugal. | 1500-1800 | Chapter 25 | The Americas
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| Virgin of Guadalupe | A symbolic figure for the Mestizo society as a sign of Christianity; also known as a miracle worker | The Virgin of Guadalupe was made to ensure Roman Catholic Christianity would be the true religion of Mexico | 1500-1800 | chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Cash Crops | Cultivation of tobacco, rice, indigo, and later, and cotton | As populations grew, North America wanted to have a larger capitalist economy on the Atlantic Ocean basin | 1500-1800 | chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Cabeza de Vaca | Spanish nobleman who joined an expedition to investigate Florida in 1527 | those who die, often find themselves at the mercy of native inhabitants | 1500-1800 | chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish expeditionist sailed to peru with his men to takeover the Inca capital at Cuzco | Helped establish Inca and its Capital | 1500-1800 | chaper 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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| Hernan Cortes | Fisrt man to help the conquest of Mexico, began in search for gold on the American mainland | Steel swords, muskets, cannons, and horses helped Cortes have an advantage over the Aztec forces | 1500-1800 | chapter 25 | The Americas and Oceania
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