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Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 32

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Term
definition
Significance
Time Period
Chapter
Region
Capitulations   Claimed that European visitors did not have to follow Ottoman laws and provided European powers with extraterritoriality- the right to exercise jurisdiction over thier own laws.   Symbolized foreign influence in Ottoman empire. Made the economy decrease after Europeans established tax-exempt banks, enterprises, foreign government,levy taxes on goods sold in Ottoman ports. The empire could not pay military or religious hierarchy.   19TH Century   32 pg. 882-883   Ottoman Empire  
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Young Turks' Beliefs   Believed in universal sufferage, equality before law, freedonm of religion, free public education, secularisation of the state, and emancipation of women.   THe threw out Hamid so Mehmed V. Rashid became puppet sultan and wanted Turkish to be the opfficial language. They were nationalistic and favored Turkish dominance within the empire which led to Arab resistnace.   1908-1918   32 pg 885   Ottoman Empire  
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Tanzimat   "reorganization era"   Legal, edu., & military reforms. In fluenced by the Enlightenment and the constitution.Attacked Ottoman law with the aim of having Europeans have capitulations lifted and recover Ottoman sovereignty. Used French legal system. Supported public trials ect..   1839-1879   32 pg.884   Ottoman Empire  
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Crimean War   Europeans helped the Ottomans in their struggle to keep their land in a war aganinst Russia.   After Russians lost, they realized their need to improve on industry.   1853-1856   32 Info from online ch. outilne   Russia expanded from Manchuria, across Asia to Baltic Sea. Wanted to gain lands in the Mediterranean. THey then moved on Balkanscontrolled by the Ottomans.  
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Mahmud II'S Reforms   Made a European style army which made Janissaries mad. Schools were open for boys and those serving in the army.The power went from traditional elites to the sultan and his cabinent.   Through this the Sultan and his cabinent taxed landlords, abolished military grants and undermined the Ulma, Islamic leadership. He also constructed roads, built telegraph lines and a postal service.The Ottoman empire shrunk but became more powerful.   1820's   32 pg 883   Ottoman Empire  
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Revolution of 1905   destruction of Russian Navy   Russo-Japanese War   1750-1914   32   (blank)  
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Bloody Sunday Massacre   petitioned government at tsar's Winter Palace, 130 killed   January 1905, Russo-Japanese War   1905   32   (blank)  
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Cohongs   specially liscensed Chinese firms which bought and sold goods at set prices and operated under regulations established by government   governmental power   1750-1914   32   China  
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Opium Trade   British used opium to trade with Chinese, grew Opium in India   caused drug problems in China   early 19th Century   32   China  
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Opium War   Chinese government against, British for Opium, British better military China defeated   used drugs instead of needed goods for trade   1839-1842   32   China  
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Nemesis   gunboat, led British armada up Yangzi River   fight for opium trade   1842   32   China  
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Treaty of Nanjing   opened 5 Chinese ports, Qing government to extend most favored nation status to Britain, British people not subject to Chinese laws, only based on relation of China and Britain   bad treaty for China,benefited Britain   1842   32   China  
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Taiping Rebellion   most of China wanted radical reformation, included want of industrial society and democratic institutions   most Chinese wanted it, was defeated, 20-30 million dead   1850-1864   32   China  
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Self-Strengthening movement   reform program, to blend Chinese cultural traditions with European industrial technology   Chinese continous want of change   1860-1895   32   China  
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Empress Dowager Cixi   ruler of China last 50 tears of Qing Dynasty,used money to build an elaborate boat instead for the use of navy   governmental funds not used properly   1835-1908   32   China  
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Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao   published a series of treatises reinterpreting Confucian thought in a way that justified radical changes in imperial system   leading people of Hundred Days Reforms   1858-1927,01837-1929   32   China  
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Boxer Rebellion   violent movement led by militia calling themselves Society of Righteous and Harmonios Fists   wanted to get rid of foreigners   1899   32   China  
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Tokugawa Bakufu   the shogun and his government   pressured by foreigners and needed reform   1750-1914   32   Japan  
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Commodore Matthew C.Perry   demanded that the Shogun open Japan to diplomatic and commercial relations   pressure from United States on Japan   1853   32   Japan  
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Mutsuhito (Meiji)   boy emperor, Meiji- enlightened rule   made many reforms   1852-1912   32   Japan  
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Fukuzawa Yukichi   studied English, member of first Japanese mission to United States   reported observations of foreign lands to Japan   1853-1901   32   Japan  
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Ito Hirobumi   traveled to Europe to study foreign consitutions ans administrative systems   helped build enw government   1841-1909   32   Japan  
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Destruction of Social Order   Meiji leaders took power away from Daimyo and samurai   government did not fear military challenges   1750-1914   32   Japan  
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Tax System   changed taxes of grain into fixed-money tax   economical changes in Japan   1873   32   Japan  
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Remodeling the Economy   established telegraph,railroads,and steamship lines tied to national economic network   changes to economy in Japan   1750-1914   32   Japan  
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Zaibatsu   financial cliques   economic power to small groups of people   1880's   32   Japan  
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Napolean   French general who wanted to use Egypt to attack British India.   Egypt gained autonomy after Napolean's failed campaign.Muhammad Ali, an Egyiptian general built a powerful modern army in response to threaten the Ottomans. Egypt became independent.   1798   32   Egypt  
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Sultan Selim II   A leader who remodeled the Ottoman army but threatned Janissary.   When his successor tried to keep the new milirary force, rampaging Janissaries killed all make members of the dynasty except for Mahmud II who then became Sultan.   Sultan Selim III 1789-1807   32 pg 883   Ottoman Empire  
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Young Ottomans   A group which opposed the Tanzimat   Believed in individual freedom and local autonomy, political decentralization, and consitutions. High level bureaucrats were determined to improve checks on the sultan's power by forcing him to accept a constitution and if necessary renounce his position.   late 1800's   32 pg 884   Ottoman Empire  
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Abdul Hamid II   A sultan who suspended the constitution used in the ottoman empire.   Showed that the Ottoman society needed a constitution   Abdul Hamid II 1876-1909   32 pg 885   Ottoman Empire  
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Alexander II   Calle for the emancipation of serfs.   Even after these efforts,agricultural production was still in paucity.   1861   32 info from online outline   Russian empire  
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Zemstvos   "Local assembles with representativesfrom all classes."   Showed that legal reforms were more effective then past tsar rule.   1864   37 Ifo from online chapter outline   Russian Empire  
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The Wittte System by Sergei Witte   Built Railways. Changed the state bank. Production in steel, coal, and oil increased.   Railways became more flluent such as the trans-siberian railway. New industries, and foreign loans were gaurded. Industry increased.   1892-1903   ch 32 information from online ch. outline   Russian Empire  
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Nicholas II   After Alexander II was assassinated,Nicholas II came into power.A more conservative leader. Who wanted to expand in territory.   Expantion led to a meeting with the Japanese which erupted into the Russo- Japanese War. The war destroyed the Russian navy   Nicholas II 1894-1917 Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905   32 info from online outline and pg 892   Russian Empire  
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