Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 15
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| Sui Dynasty | After the fall of the Han dynasty, turmoil lasted for 350 years in China until the creation of the Sui dynasty. The Sui dynasty was located in the northern Chinese state of Sui. | Reunification of China came about in 589 with the Sui dynasty ruler of Yang Jian. During the Sui dynasty, palaces as well as granaries were constructed, the Great Wall of China was repaired, and artificial water ways were utilized to connect economies. | (589-618 C.E.) | 15 | Central Asia and Southern China
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| Tang Dynasty | The Tang dynasty was founded and named after a rebel leader who seized Chang’an when the Sui dynasty was brought to a finish. | The dynasty lasted for almost three hundred years. Tang rulers organized China into a powerful, dynamic, and successful civilization through transportation, communication, the equal field system, the bureaucracy of merit, and military expansion. | (618-907 C.E.) | 15 | Central Asia and Southern China
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| Song Dynasty | Following the collapse of the Tang dynasty, warlords regulated Chinese affairs until the rise of the Song dynasty. | Agricultural developments, such as fast-rippening rice, increased food supplies, which boosted the population numbers. Porcelain Chinaware, amplified iron metallurgy, weapons, gunpowder “south-pointing needle” were technological progressions. | (960-1279 C.E.) | 15 | Jiuquan, China
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| Dunhuang | A large Buddhist community emerged in western China at Dunhuang (modern Gangsu province). Between 600-1000 C.E., Buddhists built hundreds of cave temples in the locality of Dunhuang and embellished them with murals. | Buddhists in Dunhuang accumulated libraries of religious literature and operated scriptoria to generate Buddhist texts. The Dunhuang establishment served as a foothold for Buddhism in the Chinese Society. | 4th century | 15 | Central Asia and Southern China
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| Vietnam | During the Tang Dynasty, the Chinese armies migrated into a region called Nam Viet (Vietnam). The dynasty absorbed the foreign land into their realm. Vietnam exemplified the expansion and influence of Chinese culture. | Due to rebellions by the Viet people, independence was gained as the Tang Dynasty fell in the 10th century. Vietnam adopted political and cultural Chinese traditions, which reflected the formation of a larger East Asian society base on Chinese life-style. | Approximately the 7th century | 15 | Southeastern Asia
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| Korea | Korea, like Vietnam, exemplified the expansion and influence to Chinese culture. | Royal officials of the Korean government styled their policies off of the Chinese court and bureaucracy. They also collected tradition Chinese literature for Korean usage. Korean interest in Confucian tradition encouraged the popularity of the religion. | Around the 7th century | 15 | Southern Asia
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| Guangzhou | A southern Chinese port city with a large populace. | The rebel general, Huang Chao, massacred 120,000 foreigners at Guangzhou and he exposed it to a "reign of terror". | (879) | 15 | China
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| Luoyang | A busy Chinese city port that attracted many merchants for trading opportunities. | The city port supported the Chinese Cosmopolitan society and allowed intercultural connection. | (Between 500-1000 C.E) | 15 | China
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| Hangzhou | The capital of the Southern Song dynasty that had more than one million residents. | Hangzhou was one of the cities that marked the urbanizational change that was occurring in China. Agricultural techniques resulted in population growth, which made China more urbanized. | (Between 960-1279 C.E.) | 15 | Southern China
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| Xuangzang | devout Buddhist monk who traveled to India, homeland of Buddhism, despite the fact that the emperor of China forbade his subjects to travel beyond Chinese borders into central Asia. He wanted to learn about his faith from the purest sources. | Even though he violated the ban on travel, he came back glorified and popularized Buddhism in China | 7th century c.e. | 15 | China
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| Yang Jian | Emperor of the Sui Dynasty. Embarked of a series of military campaigns that brought all of China under centralized imperial rule. | As a boy, he claimed the throne and the Mandate of Heaven. Sent military expeditions into central Asia and southern China. Undertook many public works such as defensive walls, levied high taxes, and demanded labor services. | (580-604 c.e) | 15 | House of Sui ruled all of China
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| Sui Yangdi | Second emperor, oversaw building of the Grand Canal. Attempted unsuccessfully to capture Korea. | The construction projects depended on high taxes and forced labor, created hostility towards his rule. Subjects revolted against Sui when the the military in Korea reversed its expeditions. In 618, a disgruntled minister assassinated the emperor | (604-618 c.e.) | 15 | China
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| Tang Taizong | Second emperor of the Tang, success was due to energy, ability, and policies. Built a capital at Chang'an, and saw himself as a Confucian ruler. During his reign, banditry was low, taxes were low, and prices on rice were low. | Created a stable centralized government. During Tang: extensive communications networks, equal-field system, Bureaucracy of Merit, and the largest ranks in Chinese history. | (627-649 c.e) | 15 | China
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| An Lushan | One of the Tang dynasty's miltary commanders who mounted a rebellion and captured the capital at Chang'an as well as the other capital at Luoyang | Rebellion left the Tang Dynasty weakened. Lushan was murdered by a soldier and the revolt ended. | (755-757 c.e.) | 15 | China
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| Uighurs | The Nomadic Turkish people who Tang commanders had to bring in to oust An Lushan for the imperial capitals. | After getting rid of the rebels, they demanded the right to sack Chang'an and Luoyang. | (757-907 c.e.) | 15 | China
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| Huang Chao | Military Commander who led an uprising because the Turkish people let the equal fields system deteriorate. Imperial armies couldn't resist the demands of Turkish peoples. | He routinely pillaged the wealthy and distributed a portion of his plunder among the poor. In an effort to control the rebels, Tang granted power to regional military commanders who became effective rulers of China. | (875-884 c.e.) | 15 | China
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| Song Taizu | First Song emperor and had a reputation for honesty and effectiveness. Centralized administration that placed military forces under tight supervision. | Placed civil bureaucrats in charge of military forces. In exchange for loyalty from state official, Song rulers rewarded them. Weaknesses: imperial treasury under pressure, little military education | (960-976 c.e.) | 15 | Jiuquan
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| Li Bo | Most popular poet of the Tang era | Wrote light, pleasing verse celebrating life, friendship, and especially wine. Wrote about the social life of Chinese cities such as: the annual Spring festival was an occasion dear to many urban residents. | (701-761 c.e) | 15 | Hangzhou
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| Khitan | A seminomadic people from Manchuria who ruled a vast empire stretching from northern Korea to Mongolia. | Demanded and received large tribute payments for silk and sliver from the Song stat to the south | (early 10th century-early 12th century) | 15 | southern China
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| Jurchen | Nomads who conquered the Khitan, overran northern China, captured the Song capital at Kaifeng, and made the Jin empire. | Weakened the Song Dynasty into the Southern Song dynasty. Mongols took southern China. | (early 12th century) | 15 | Northern China
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| Zhu Xi | Most important representative of Song neo-Confucianism. Philosopher deeply committed to Confucian values emphasizing proper personal behavior and social harmony. | Wrote "Family Rituals" and stressed that individuals play their proper roles both in their family and the larger society. | (1130-1200 c.e.) | 15 | China during Song
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| Murasaki Shikiba | Aristocratic woman in the Heian times | Japanese women rarely received a formal Chinese-style education, it was up to the aristocratic women to give notable contributions to literature in the Japanese language | (794-1185 c.e.) | 15 | China
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| Genji | A fictitious imperial prince and devoted himself to the cultivation of an ultrarefined lifestlye and became adept at mixing subtle perfumes, composing splendid verses in fine calligraphic hand, and wooing sophisticated women | The "Tale of Genji" reflects a melancholy spirit that presents a subtle contrast to the elegant atmosphere of their surroundings at the Heian court | (794-1185 c.e.) | 15 | China
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| Fujiwara Family | Aristocratic clan that controlled affairs from behind the throne through its influence over the imperial house and manipulation of its members | Japanese emperors rarely ruled but served as ceremonial figureheads and symbols of authority | (794-1185 c.e.) | 15 | China
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| Du Fu | Considered China's greatest poet, born into a prominent Confucian family | Wrote about the beauty of the natural world in his early years. After the rebellion of An Lushan, he fell into poverty and experienced difficulties. Poetry of his later years lamented the chaos of the late 8th century. | (712-770 c.e.) | 15 | China
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| The Grand Canal | project that integrated the economies of northern and southern China. Sui Yangdi completed work to facilitate trade such as rice. | increased trade which increased food which increased population. | 500-1000 CE | 15 | China
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| Equal-Field System | Chinese system during the Han dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land. made to avoid problems that occured during the early Han. | Was able to create a stable land distribution system for many years | 500-1000 CE | 15 | China
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| Bureaucreacy of Merit | refelected ones performance on the imperial civil service exams. meant to recruit government officials. | created a system that only accepted qualified government officials. | 500-1000 CE | 15 | China
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| Fast-ripening Rice | introduced by the vietnamese. a much faster cultivation of rice | cultivators were able to harvest 2 crops per year. increasing food levels and population | 500-1000 CE | 15 | China
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| Foot Binding | consisted of wrapping a young girls foot so the bones could not grow | strengthened patriarchal influence | 500-1000 CE | 15 | China
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| Gun Powder | Discovered during the Tang dynasty by Daoist alchemists. explosive substance | later used with bamboo as a flame thrower in military ventures | 500-1000 CE | 15 | China
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| Printing | new type of moveable printing press enabled chinese people to access texts more readily | made it possible to produce texts quickly, cheaply, and in huge quantities. | 500-1000 CE | 15 | China
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