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Exam 17: Intro to Cancer (Key Terms)

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Term
Definition
Cancer   a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells that can result in death if not detected and controlled.  
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Carcinoma   a malignant growth composed of epithelial (covering layer of the internal and external surfaces of the body) cells that tend to spread to other areas of the body.  
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Carcinogen   Any cancer-producing substance.  
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Carcinogenesis   The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.  
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Benign   not malignant, not recurrent, not spreading, favorable for recovery  
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malignant   Tending to become progressively worse, resistant to treatment, tending to spread and result in death.  
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Metastasis   The process by which tumor cells are spread to distant parts of the body, from a primary site to a secondary site.  
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Alopecia   Hair loss due to destruction of hair follicles.  
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Autologus   Something having its origin within an individual, especially a factor present in tissues or fluids.  
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Biopsy   removal of a small piece of tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination, used to confirm or establish a diagnosis, establish a prognosis, or follow the course of a disease.  
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Differentiated   Most like the parent tissue.  
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Immunosurveillance   The immune system's recognition and destruction of newly developed abnormal cells.  
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Leukopenia   Reduction in the number of circulating white blood cells due to depression of the bone marrow.  
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Neoplasm   Uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cells.  
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Oncology   The sum of knowledge regarding tumors, the study of cancer  
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Palliation   Therapy designed to relieve or reduce intensity of uncomfortable symptoms: does not produce a cure.  
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Papanicolaou ("Pap") Smear   a means of studying cells that the body has shed during the normal sequence of growth and replacement of body tissue, if cancerous is present, cancer cells also shed; commonly used in pelvic examinations to detect cancer in women.  
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Sarcoma   Malignant tumors of connective tissues, such as muscle or bone, presents as painless swelling.  
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Stomatitis   Mouth Inflammation caused by destruction of normal cells in the oral cavity.  
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Thrombocytopenia   Reduction in the number of circulating platelets due to the suppression of the bone marrow.  
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Tumorlysis Syndrome   An oncologic emergency that occurs with rapid lysis (breakdown) of malignant cells.  
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