respiratory review
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| The nasal cavaties include | Space behind the nose. That warm, filter, and moisten the air. They are lined with mucous membranes
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| The structure that divides the nasal cavities into right and left sections. | The nasal septum.
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| Sense of smell. | Olfactory cells.
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| Paranasal sinus | Ethmoid
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| Parannasal sinus | Sphenoid
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| Paranasal sinus | Maxillary
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| The respiaratory system is lines with | Cyllia and mucous membranes
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| Pharaynx division 1 | Larngopnaryx contains the voice box and 9 rings of cartilage lined with smooth muscle and mecous membranes.
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| Pharaynx division 2 | Nasal pharynx opening to the eustachian. adenoids and pharangeal tonsils.
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| Pharaynx division 3 | Oral Phaynx palatine and lingual tonsils.
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| Epiglotis | Closes the lungs to food and liquids.
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| Trachea | Airway to the lungs that bifurcates into RT and LT bronchi
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| 2 main airways that branch off the trachea | RT and LT bronchai
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| Smallest bronchioles | Terminal broncholes into Aveoli
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| Alveoli | Microscopic airsacs with walls one cell thin that allow for rapid diffusion of CO2 and O2
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| Lungs | Organs made out of Avolia and Terminal bronchioles.
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| Lobes of the lungs | RT. lung has 3 lobes. LT has 3 lobes.
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| The top portion of the lung | Apex
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| The bottom portion of the lung | Base(broad lower end that rests on the diaphram)
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| Visceral pleurae | Covers the lungs
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| Parietal pleurae |
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| What is the mediastinum? | Space between the lungs that contains the esophagus, heart, and trachea.
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| Total lung capacity | 6000ml
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| Tidal volume(TV) | Amount of air moved into and out of the lungs. 500ml average
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| Vital capacity(VC) | Max amount that you exhale after max inspiration. 4800ml
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| Residual Volume(RV) | Amount left after max exhalation. 1200ml
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| What is the diaphragm? | Skeletal muscle that contracts and relaxes to move the lung.
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| Phrenic nerve | Controls the diaphrahm
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| What stimulates breathing? | CO2 levels stimulate the brain and the medulla controls the breathing.
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| Rales | Bubbling and rattling sounds made in the lungs.
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| Rhonchi | Whistling sounds made in the lungs.
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| Wheeze | Whistling expiration sound.
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| Stridor | Harsh high pitched insipiratory sounds.
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| Eupnea | Normal breathing
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| Dyspnea | Difficult/painful/labored breathing.
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| Orthopnea | Diff breathing while supine.
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| Orthopneic postion | Head at 45* elevation while sleeping
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| Hyperpnea | Abnormal deep and rapid breathing
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| Hyperventiation | Excessive movement of air in/out of the lungs.
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| Bradypnea | Slow breathing
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| Tachypnea | Fast breathing
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| Apnea | No breathing
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| Anoxia | Without oxygen
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| Hypoxia | Low oxygen
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| Asphyxia | Suffocation/inability to breath
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| Singultus | hiccups
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| Corzya | Common head cold sound
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| Hempptysis | Spitting up blood from the respiratory tract.
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| Pulmonary edema | Accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Normally CHF related.
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| Atelectasis | Incomplete expansion of the lobes or lungs that may result in a partial collapse of the lung. Can be chronic or acute.
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| COPD | Abnormal irreversible enlargement of air spaces,
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| Pneumonia | Acute infection of the lunch parenchyma which impairs gas exchange causing alveoar inflammation and edema.
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| Pneumonitis | Inflammation of the lungs
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| Pertussis | Whooping cough acute respiratory viral infection.
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