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Muscles of the head, neck, abdomen, back, shoulder girdle and upper extremity

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Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action(s)
Innervation
Frontalis   epicranial aponeurosis   skin superior to supraorbital margin   raises eyebrows   temporal branch of facial nerve  
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Orbicularis Oculi   medial wall of orbit   circular path around orbit   closes eye   zygomatic branch of facial nerve  
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Orbicularis Oris   muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth   skin at corner of mouth   closes and puckers lips   buccal branch of facial nerve  
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Zygomaticus Major   Zygomatic bone   upper lip   smiling   buccal branch of facial nerve  
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Buccinator   Alveolar processes of maxila and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe   Orbicularis Oris   whistling or blowing   buccal branch of facial nerve  
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Masseter   Maxilla and zygomatic arch   angle and ramus of mandible   chewing (elevation of mandible)   masseteric nerve  
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Temporalis   Temporal bone   coronoid process of mandible   chewing (elevation of mandible)    
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Platysma   fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major   mandible, muscles around mouth and skin of lower face   pouting; grimacing   VII cranial  
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; Sternocleidomastoid   sternum and clavicle   mastoid process of temporal bone   flexion of cervical vertebrae; lateral flexion and rotaion of head to opposite side   XI cranial & C1-C4; cervical spinal accessory  
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Rectus Abdominis   pubic crest and pubic symphasis   cartilage of fifth to seventh ribs and xiphoid process   flexes vertebral column; compresses abdomen    
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External Oblique   inferior eight ribs   iliac crest and linea alba   flexion; lateral flexion (to same side); rotation (to opposite side)    
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Internal Oblique   iliac crest, inguinal ligament and thoracolumgar fascia   cartilage of last 3 or 4 ribs and linea alba   flexion; lateral flexion (to same side); rotation (to same side)    
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Subclavius   first rib   clavicle (lateral third)   depression of clavicle    
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Pectoralis Minor   Ribs 3-5   coracoid process of scapula   protraction, depression and downward medial rotation of scapula   C8-T1; medial pectoral  
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Serratus Anterior   superior 8-9 ribs   medial border and inferior angle of scapula   protraction and upward lateral rotation of scapula   C5-C7; long thoracic  
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Trapezius (upper fibers)   superior nuchal line of occipital bone, spines of C7-T12 vertebrae   clavicle   neck extension & elevation & upward lateral rotation of scapula   C1-C4; cervical spinal accessory  
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Trapezius (middle fibers)   superior nuchal line of occipital bone, spines of C7-T12 vertebrae   acromion   retraction   C1-C4; cervical spinal accessory  
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Trapezius (lower fibers)   superior nuchal line of occipital bone, spines of C7-T12 vertebrae   spine of scapula   depression & upward lateral rotation   C1-C4; cervical spinal accessory  
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Levator Scapulae   superior 4-5 cervical vertbrae   superior angle of scapula   elevation; downward medial rotation   C5; dorsal scapular  
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Rhomboid Major   Spines of T2-T5 vertebrae   vertebral border of scapula, inferior to spine   retraction; downward medial rotation   C5; dorsal scapular  
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C4-C5; dorsal scapularRhomboid Minor   Spines of C7-T1 vertebrae   vertebral border of scapula, superior to spine   retraction; downward medial rotation   C4-C5; dorsal scapular  
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Erector Spinae   (blank)   (blank)   extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column    
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Semispinalis   transverse process of vertebra   spinous process of vertebra 5-7 superior   extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column    
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Multifidus   transverse process of vertebra   spinous process of vertebra 3-4 superior   extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column    
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Rotatores   transverse process of vertebra   spinous process of vertebra 1-2 superior   extension, rotation (to opposite side) of vertebral column    
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Pectoralis Major   clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 2-6   greater tubercle and intertubercular sulcus   adduction and extension (sternal end); abduction and flexion (clavicular end); medial rotation   C5-C7; lateral pectoral & C8-T1; medial pectoral  
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Latissimus Dorsi   T7-L5, crest of sacrum & ilium, inferior 4 ribs   intertubercular sulcus   adduction, extension, medial rotation   C6-C8; thoracodorsal  
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Deltoid (anterior fibers)   acromial extremity of clavicle   Deltoid tuberosity of humerus   flexion, medial rotation   C5-C6; axillary  
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Deltoid (lateral fibers)   acromion of scapula   Deltoid tuberosityDeltoid tuberosity of humerus   abduction    
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Deltoid (posterior fibers)   spine of scapula   Deltoid tuberosity of humerus   extension, lateral rotation    
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Subscapularis   subscapular fossa   lesser tubercle of humerus   medial rotation   C5-C6; upper & lower subscapular  
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Supraspinatus   supraspinous fossa   greater tubercle of humerus   assists in abduction   C5-C6; suprascapular  
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Infraspinatus   infraspinous fossa   greater tubercle of humerus   lateral rotation, adduction   C5-C6; suprascapular  
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Teres major   inferior angle of scapula   intertubercular sulcus of humerus   extension, assists in adduction and medial rotation   C5-C6; lower subscapular  
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Teres minor   inferior lateral border of scapula   greater tubercle of humerus   lateral rotation, extension, adduction   C5-C6; axillary  
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Coracobrachialis   coracoid process of scapula   middle of medial surface of shaft of humerus   flexion, adduction    
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Biceps Brachii   Supraglenoid tubercle (long head) and coracoid process of scapula (short head)   radial tuberosity of radius   flexes forearm, supinates forearm, flexes arm at shoulder joint    
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Brachialis   distal anterior surface of humerus   ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna   flexes forearm    
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Brachioradialis   lateral border of distal end of humerus   superior to styloid process of radius   flexes forearm, supinates/pronates forearm back to neutral position    
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Triceps brachii (long head)   infraglenoid tubercle   olecranon process of ulna   extension of forearm    
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Triceps brachii (lateral head)   lateral and posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove.   Olecranon process of ulna   extension of forearm and arm    
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Triceps brachii (medial head)   entire posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove.   Olecranon process of ulna.   extension of forearm and arm.    
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Anconeus   Lateral epicondyle of humerus   Olecranon and superior portion of shaft of ulna   Extends forearm    
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Pronator Teres   Medial epicondyle of humerus   Midlateral surface of radius   Pronates forearm, weakly flexes forearm    
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Pronator Quadratus   Distal portion of shaft of ulna   Distal portion of shaft of radius   Pronates forearm    
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Supinator   Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of ulna   Lateral surface of proximal one-third of radius   Supinates forearm at radioulnar joints    
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flexor carpi radialis   Medial epicondyle of humerus   second and third metacarpals   flexes and abducts hand    
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palmaris longus   medial epicondyle of humerus   flexor retinaculum   weakly flexes hand    
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flexor carpi ulnaris   medial epicondyle of humerus and superior posterior border of ulna   pisiform, hamate and base of fifth metacarpal   flexes and adducts hand    
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flexor digitorum superficialis   Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna   middle phalanx of each finger   flexes proximal and middle phalanxes and hand    
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flexor pollicis longus   anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane   base of distal phalanx of thumb   flexes distal phalanx of thumb    
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flexor digitorum profundus   anterior medial surface of body of ulna   base of distal phalanx of each finger   flexes distal, middle and proximal phalanges of each finger and flexes hand    
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extensor carpi radialis longus   lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus   second metacarpal   extends and abducts hand    
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extensor carpi radialis brevis   lateral epicondyle of humerus   third metacarpal   extends and abducts hand at wrist joint    
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extensor digitorum   lateral epicondyle of humerus   distal and middle phalanges of each finger   extends distal, middle and proximal phalanges of each finger, and extends hand    
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extensor digiti minimi   lateral epicondyle of humerus   tendon of extensor digitorum on 5th phalanx   extends proximal phalanx of little finger and extends hand    
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Extensor carpi ulnaris   lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna   fifth metacarpal   extends and adducts hand    
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Abductor pollicis longus   posterior surface of middle of radius and ulna   first metacarpal   abducts and extends thumb; abducts hand    
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extensor pollicis brevis   posterior surface of middle of radius   base of proximal phalanx of thumb   extends proximal phalanx of thumb; extends first metacarpal of thumb; extends hand    
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extensor pollicis longus   posterior surface of middle of ulna   base of distal phalanx of thumb   extends distal phalanx of thumb; extends first metal carpal of thumb; abducts hand    
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Extensor indicis   posterior surface of ulna   tendon of extensor digitorum of index finger   extends distal, middle and proximal phalanges of index finger; extends hand    
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