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Muscles I
Muscles of the head, neck, abdomen, back, shoulder girdle and upper extremity
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action(s) | Innervation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frontalis | epicranial aponeurosis | skin superior to supraorbital margin | raises eyebrows | temporal branch of facial nerve |
| Orbicularis Oculi | medial wall of orbit | circular path around orbit | closes eye | zygomatic branch of facial nerve |
| Orbicularis Oris | muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth | skin at corner of mouth | closes and puckers lips | buccal branch of facial nerve |
| Zygomaticus Major | Zygomatic bone | upper lip | smiling | buccal branch of facial nerve |
| Buccinator | Alveolar processes of maxila and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe | Orbicularis Oris | whistling or blowing | buccal branch of facial nerve |
| Masseter | Maxilla and zygomatic arch | angle and ramus of mandible | chewing (elevation of mandible) | masseteric nerve |
| Temporalis | Temporal bone | coronoid process of mandible | chewing (elevation of mandible) | |
| Platysma | fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major | mandible, muscles around mouth and skin of lower face | pouting; grimacing | VII cranial |
| ; Sternocleidomastoid | sternum and clavicle | mastoid process of temporal bone | flexion of cervical vertebrae; lateral flexion and rotaion of head to opposite side | XI cranial & C1-C4; cervical spinal accessory |
| Rectus Abdominis | pubic crest and pubic symphasis | cartilage of fifth to seventh ribs and xiphoid process | flexes vertebral column; compresses abdomen | |
| External Oblique | inferior eight ribs | iliac crest and linea alba | flexion; lateral flexion (to same side); rotation (to opposite side) | |
| Internal Oblique | iliac crest, inguinal ligament and thoracolumgar fascia | cartilage of last 3 or 4 ribs and linea alba | flexion; lateral flexion (to same side); rotation (to same side) | |
| Subclavius | first rib | clavicle (lateral third) | depression of clavicle | |
| Pectoralis Minor | Ribs 3-5 | coracoid process of scapula | protraction, depression and downward medial rotation of scapula | C8-T1; medial pectoral |
| Serratus Anterior | superior 8-9 ribs | medial border and inferior angle of scapula | protraction and upward lateral rotation of scapula | C5-C7; long thoracic |
| Trapezius (upper fibers) | superior nuchal line of occipital bone, spines of C7-T12 vertebrae | clavicle | neck extension & elevation & upward lateral rotation of scapula | C1-C4; cervical spinal accessory |
| Trapezius (middle fibers) | superior nuchal line of occipital bone, spines of C7-T12 vertebrae | acromion | retraction | C1-C4; cervical spinal accessory |
| Trapezius (lower fibers) | superior nuchal line of occipital bone, spines of C7-T12 vertebrae | spine of scapula | depression & upward lateral rotation | C1-C4; cervical spinal accessory |
| Levator Scapulae | superior 4-5 cervical vertbrae | superior angle of scapula | elevation; downward medial rotation | C5; dorsal scapular |
| Rhomboid Major | Spines of T2-T5 vertebrae | vertebral border of scapula, inferior to spine | retraction; downward medial rotation | C5; dorsal scapular |
| C4-C5; dorsal scapularRhomboid Minor | Spines of C7-T1 vertebrae | vertebral border of scapula, superior to spine | retraction; downward medial rotation | C4-C5; dorsal scapular |
| Erector Spinae | (blank) | (blank) | extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column | |
| Semispinalis | transverse process of vertebra | spinous process of vertebra 5-7 superior | extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column | |
| Multifidus | transverse process of vertebra | spinous process of vertebra 3-4 superior | extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column | |
| Rotatores | transverse process of vertebra | spinous process of vertebra 1-2 superior | extension, rotation (to opposite side) of vertebral column | |
| Pectoralis Major | clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 2-6 | greater tubercle and intertubercular sulcus | adduction and extension (sternal end); abduction and flexion (clavicular end); medial rotation | C5-C7; lateral pectoral & C8-T1; medial pectoral |
| Latissimus Dorsi | T7-L5, crest of sacrum & ilium, inferior 4 ribs | intertubercular sulcus | adduction, extension, medial rotation | C6-C8; thoracodorsal |
| Deltoid (anterior fibers) | acromial extremity of clavicle | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus | flexion, medial rotation | C5-C6; axillary |
| Deltoid (lateral fibers) | acromion of scapula | Deltoid tuberosityDeltoid tuberosity of humerus | abduction | |
| Deltoid (posterior fibers) | spine of scapula | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus | extension, lateral rotation | |
| Subscapularis | subscapular fossa | lesser tubercle of humerus | medial rotation | C5-C6; upper & lower subscapular |
| Supraspinatus | supraspinous fossa | greater tubercle of humerus | assists in abduction | C5-C6; suprascapular |
| Infraspinatus | infraspinous fossa | greater tubercle of humerus | lateral rotation, adduction | C5-C6; suprascapular |
| Teres major | inferior angle of scapula | intertubercular sulcus of humerus | extension, assists in adduction and medial rotation | C5-C6; lower subscapular |
| Teres minor | inferior lateral border of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | lateral rotation, extension, adduction | C5-C6; axillary |
| Coracobrachialis | coracoid process of scapula | middle of medial surface of shaft of humerus | flexion, adduction | |
| Biceps Brachii | Supraglenoid tubercle (long head) and coracoid process of scapula (short head) | radial tuberosity of radius | flexes forearm, supinates forearm, flexes arm at shoulder joint | |
| Brachialis | distal anterior surface of humerus | ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna | flexes forearm | |
| Brachioradialis | lateral border of distal end of humerus | superior to styloid process of radius | flexes forearm, supinates/pronates forearm back to neutral position | |
| Triceps brachii (long head) | infraglenoid tubercle | olecranon process of ulna | extension of forearm | |
| Triceps brachii (lateral head) | lateral and posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove. | Olecranon process of ulna | extension of forearm and arm | |
| Triceps brachii (medial head) | entire posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove. | Olecranon process of ulna. | extension of forearm and arm. | |
| Anconeus | Lateral epicondyle of humerus | Olecranon and superior portion of shaft of ulna | Extends forearm | |
| Pronator Teres | Medial epicondyle of humerus | Midlateral surface of radius | Pronates forearm, weakly flexes forearm | |
| Pronator Quadratus | Distal portion of shaft of ulna | Distal portion of shaft of radius | Pronates forearm | |
| Supinator | Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of ulna | Lateral surface of proximal one-third of radius | Supinates forearm at radioulnar joints | |
| flexor carpi radialis | Medial epicondyle of humerus | second and third metacarpals | flexes and abducts hand | |
| palmaris longus | medial epicondyle of humerus | flexor retinaculum | weakly flexes hand | |
| flexor carpi ulnaris | medial epicondyle of humerus and superior posterior border of ulna | pisiform, hamate and base of fifth metacarpal | flexes and adducts hand | |
| flexor digitorum superficialis | Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna | middle phalanx of each finger | flexes proximal and middle phalanxes and hand | |
| flexor pollicis longus | anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane | base of distal phalanx of thumb | flexes distal phalanx of thumb | |
| flexor digitorum profundus | anterior medial surface of body of ulna | base of distal phalanx of each finger | flexes distal, middle and proximal phalanges of each finger and flexes hand | |
| extensor carpi radialis longus | lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus | second metacarpal | extends and abducts hand | |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis | lateral epicondyle of humerus | third metacarpal | extends and abducts hand at wrist joint | |
| extensor digitorum | lateral epicondyle of humerus | distal and middle phalanges of each finger | extends distal, middle and proximal phalanges of each finger, and extends hand | |
| extensor digiti minimi | lateral epicondyle of humerus | tendon of extensor digitorum on 5th phalanx | extends proximal phalanx of little finger and extends hand | |
| Extensor carpi ulnaris | lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna | fifth metacarpal | extends and adducts hand | |
| Abductor pollicis longus | posterior surface of middle of radius and ulna | first metacarpal | abducts and extends thumb; abducts hand | |
| extensor pollicis brevis | posterior surface of middle of radius | base of proximal phalanx of thumb | extends proximal phalanx of thumb; extends first metacarpal of thumb; extends hand | |
| extensor pollicis longus | posterior surface of middle of ulna | base of distal phalanx of thumb | extends distal phalanx of thumb; extends first metal carpal of thumb; abducts hand | |
| Extensor indicis | posterior surface of ulna | tendon of extensor digitorum of index finger | extends distal, middle and proximal phalanges of index finger; extends hand |
Created by:
srospenda
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