24.9--Liver and GallBladder
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| Liver | Largest Internal Organ, and Heaviest Gland in Body; inferior to diaphragm and occupies most of right hypochondriac and epigastric regions
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| GallBladder | Pear-shaped sac, located on inferior surface of liver
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| Right Lobe and Left Lobe | Larger/Small respectively. Divided by falciform ligament
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| Falciform Ligament | A mesentaric fold of the peritoneum, spanning from diaphram, anterior abdominal wall, and visceral peritoneum
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| Right Lobe Parts | Inferior quadrate lobe, and posterior caudate lobe
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| Ligamentum Teres | Round Ligament--extends from liver to umbilicus; remnant of umbilical cord
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| Coronary Ligaments | Suspend liver from diaphragm
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| Gall--Fundus | Projects downward beyond inferior border of liver
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| Gall--Body and Neck | Project superiorly
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| Hepatocytes | One cell thick; line up in hepatic laminae (rows); membrane forms grooves for canaliculi for bile secretion
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| Hepatic Laminae | Rows of heptocytes, spaces in between cells allow for bile secretion
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| Bile | Yellow, brownish or olive green liquid secreted; emulsify lipids into suspensions, and assist in absorption of lipids into lacteals
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| Bile Canaliculi | Small Ducts in between hepatocytes that collect bile and pass into ductules and bile ducts.
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| Bile Ducts | Left and Right hepatic ducts; exit liver as common hepatic duct; joins with cystic duct of gall bladder to form common bile duct
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| Hepatic Sinusoids | Highly permeable blood capillaries b/w hepati laminae receive oxygenated blood from hepatic artery and nutrient rich deoxygenated blood from portal vine. Converge into Central Vein
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| Portal Triad | Bile Duct, Hepatic Artery, and Hepatic Portal Vein
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| Hepatic Lobule | Hexagon shape; three corners of portal triad
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| Portal Lobule | Exocrine Function; bile secretion
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| Hepatic Acinus | Oval mass that includes portions of two hepatic lobules. Short axis is branches of portal triad. Zone 1 = glucose, zone 3 = fat accumulate, Zone 2= structural
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| Kuppffer Cells | Destroy worn out white and red blood cells. Phagocytic
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| Sphincter of Oddi | Bile goes back into cystic duct for storage between meals; closes off duodenum.
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| Liver Function | Carb metabolism (glucose level, conversion), lipid metabolism, protein metabolism (deamination), drug processing, excretion of bilirubin, Synth of bile, Storage (vit and glycogen), Phagocytosis, Vit D activation
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| Bilirubin | Derived fom heme of red blood cells (aged). Secreted into bile. Mostly metabolized by small intestine and bacteria; eliminated in feces.
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