7-23 ANS
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| What are the two components of the nervous system? | Neurons and neuroglia
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| What are the two anatomical divisions of ther nervous system? | CNS and PNS
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| What makes up the CNS? | Brain and spinal cord
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| What makes up the PNS? | Anything that comes off the CNS- 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves
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| What are the two functional divisions of the nervous system? | Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
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| What does the somatic nervous system control? | Primarily voluntary activities
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| What does the autonomic nervous system control? | Primarily involuntary activities
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| What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system? | Parasympathetic and sympathetic
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| What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system? | Neurons
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| What are neurons responsible for? | Reception, integration, transformation, and transmission of information
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| What are the components of a neuron? | Cell body, dendrites, and axons
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| Where are the cell bodies located? | Gray matter of CNS
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| What are collections of cell bodies in the PNS? | Ganglia
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| What are collections of cell bodies in the CNS? | Nuclei
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| What do dendrites carry? | Impulses towards the cell body
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| What do axons carry? | Impulses away from the cell body
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| What are the three classifications of neurons? | Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar
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| How many processes does a unipolar neuron have and what do they divide into and function as? | 1 process that branches into a central branch (axon) and peripheral branch (dendrite)
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| What are examples of unipolar neurons? | Sensory neruons in PNS (dorsal root ganglion), spinal,and cranial nerve ganglia
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| How many processes do bipolar neurons have? | 2- 1 axon and 1 dendrite
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| What are examples of bipolar neurons? | Sensory; olfactory epithelium, retina, inner ear
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| How many dendrites and axons do multipolar neurons have? | Several dendrites and 1 axon
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| Where are mulitpolar neurons most commonly found? | CNS
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| What are examples of the multipolar neurons? | Motor cells in anterior/lateral horns of spinal cord and autonomic ganglion cells
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| What are the components of neuroglia? | Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, Schwann cells, satellite cells, myelin
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| What do astrocytes do? | Form barriers--Blood brain barrier
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| What do oligodendrocytes do? | Play a role in myelin formation in the CNS
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| What do microglia do? | Phagocytize neuronal waste products
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| What do Schwann cells do? | Play a role in myelin formation in the PNS
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| Where are satellite cells found? | PNS, but form protective barriers
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| What is myelin? | Forms sheathes around axons; help speed conduction of impulses
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| What do general somatic afferents transmit? | Pain, temperature, touch, and proprioception from body to CNS
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| What do general somatic efferents carry? | Motor impulses to skeletal muscles
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| What do general visceral afferents carry? | Sensory impulses from viscera to the CNS (stretching, irritation of organs)
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| What do general visceral efferents transmit? | Motor impulses to the smooth musce, cardiac muscles, glandular tissue
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| What do special somatic afferents do? | Special sensory impulses of vision, hearing, and equilibrium to CNS
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| What do special visceral afferents transmit? | Smell and taste sensations to CNS
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| What do special visceral efferents do? | Conduct motor impulses to muscles of the head and neck
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| Where do special visceral efferents come from? | Arise from branchiomeric formed structures
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| What are examples of special visceral efferents? | Muscles of mastication, facial expression, pharynx, and larynx
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| What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system? | Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric
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| What are the two neurons of the autonomic nervous system? | Preganglionic (presynaptic) fibers and postganglionic (postsynaptic) fibers
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| Where are the preganglionic nerve cell bodies located in the sympathetic nervous system? | Lateral horn of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord
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| Where are the lateral horns found? | T1 to L2/L3
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| Where do preganglionic fibers pass through? | Ventral roots, spinal nerves, and white rami communicantes
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| Where do postganglionic fibers travel from? | Ganglia to their destination
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| What do postganglionic fibers supply? | Skin with secretory fibers to sweat glands, motor fibers to arrector pili muscles, vasomotor to blood vessels
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| Where do preganglionic nerve cell bodies arise from? | Brainstem (CN 3, 7, 9, 10) and sacralpart of spinal cord (S2-S4)
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| What fibers are short and long in the parasympathetic nervous system? | Long preganglionic and short postganglionic
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| What nerve takes over after the left colic flexure? | Sacral nerves
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| What does the enteric nervous system consist of? | Enteric ganglia and plexus of GI
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| What two plexuses are responsible for control of motility and secretions of the GI tract? | Myenteric plexus (peristaltic movements) and submucosal plexus (secretions of glands within organs)
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| What do interneurons connect/ | One nerve to another
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