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7-23 ANS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two components of the nervous system? | Neurons and neuroglia |
| What are the two anatomical divisions of ther nervous system? | CNS and PNS |
| What makes up the CNS? | Brain and spinal cord |
| What makes up the PNS? | Anything that comes off the CNS- 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves |
| What are the two functional divisions of the nervous system? | Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system |
| What does the somatic nervous system control? | Primarily voluntary activities |
| What does the autonomic nervous system control? | Primarily involuntary activities |
| What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system? | Parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system? | Neurons |
| What are neurons responsible for? | Reception, integration, transformation, and transmission of information |
| What are the components of a neuron? | Cell body, dendrites, and axons |
| Where are the cell bodies located? | Gray matter of CNS |
| What are collections of cell bodies in the PNS? | Ganglia |
| What are collections of cell bodies in the CNS? | Nuclei |
| What do dendrites carry? | Impulses towards the cell body |
| What do axons carry? | Impulses away from the cell body |
| What are the three classifications of neurons? | Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar |
| How many processes does a unipolar neuron have and what do they divide into and function as? | 1 process that branches into a central branch (axon) and peripheral branch (dendrite) |
| What are examples of unipolar neurons? | Sensory neruons in PNS (dorsal root ganglion), spinal,and cranial nerve ganglia |
| How many processes do bipolar neurons have? | 2- 1 axon and 1 dendrite |
| What are examples of bipolar neurons? | Sensory; olfactory epithelium, retina, inner ear |
| How many dendrites and axons do multipolar neurons have? | Several dendrites and 1 axon |
| Where are mulitpolar neurons most commonly found? | CNS |
| What are examples of the multipolar neurons? | Motor cells in anterior/lateral horns of spinal cord and autonomic ganglion cells |
| What are the components of neuroglia? | Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, Schwann cells, satellite cells, myelin |
| What do astrocytes do? | Form barriers--Blood brain barrier |
| What do oligodendrocytes do? | Play a role in myelin formation in the CNS |
| What do microglia do? | Phagocytize neuronal waste products |
| What do Schwann cells do? | Play a role in myelin formation in the PNS |
| Where are satellite cells found? | PNS, but form protective barriers |
| What is myelin? | Forms sheathes around axons; help speed conduction of impulses |
| What do general somatic afferents transmit? | Pain, temperature, touch, and proprioception from body to CNS |
| What do general somatic efferents carry? | Motor impulses to skeletal muscles |
| What do general visceral afferents carry? | Sensory impulses from viscera to the CNS (stretching, irritation of organs) |
| What do general visceral efferents transmit? | Motor impulses to the smooth musce, cardiac muscles, glandular tissue |
| What do special somatic afferents do? | Special sensory impulses of vision, hearing, and equilibrium to CNS |
| What do special visceral afferents transmit? | Smell and taste sensations to CNS |
| What do special visceral efferents do? | Conduct motor impulses to muscles of the head and neck |
| Where do special visceral efferents come from? | Arise from branchiomeric formed structures |
| What are examples of special visceral efferents? | Muscles of mastication, facial expression, pharynx, and larynx |
| What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system? | Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric |
| What are the two neurons of the autonomic nervous system? | Preganglionic (presynaptic) fibers and postganglionic (postsynaptic) fibers |
| Where are the preganglionic nerve cell bodies located in the sympathetic nervous system? | Lateral horn of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord |
| Where are the lateral horns found? | T1 to L2/L3 |
| Where do preganglionic fibers pass through? | Ventral roots, spinal nerves, and white rami communicantes |
| Where do postganglionic fibers travel from? | Ganglia to their destination |
| What do postganglionic fibers supply? | Skin with secretory fibers to sweat glands, motor fibers to arrector pili muscles, vasomotor to blood vessels |
| Where do preganglionic nerve cell bodies arise from? | Brainstem (CN 3, 7, 9, 10) and sacralpart of spinal cord (S2-S4) |
| What fibers are short and long in the parasympathetic nervous system? | Long preganglionic and short postganglionic |
| What nerve takes over after the left colic flexure? | Sacral nerves |
| What does the enteric nervous system consist of? | Enteric ganglia and plexus of GI |
| What two plexuses are responsible for control of motility and secretions of the GI tract? | Myenteric plexus (peristaltic movements) and submucosal plexus (secretions of glands within organs) |
| What do interneurons connect/ | One nerve to another |
Created by:
beranml
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