dental material
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| cutting | removing material by shearing-off process, results in somewhat smooth surface, accomplished by metal burs and hand instruments-burs usually made of carbon steel or tungsten carbide
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| abrasion | wearing away of a surface, produces irregular grooves or scratches
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| recontouring | reducing areas that are too bulky &/or overextended in order to blend with the normal contours of the tooth that has been restored
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| finishing | process of producing the final shape and contour of a restoration-smooths overal surface of restorations to the tooth
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| polishing | abrasion of a surface to reduce the size of the scratches until the surface appears shiny-high luster
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| abrasive | material doing the wearing or abrading, may be on burs, disks, stones, wheels or strips abrasives may also be mixed with liquids to form a paste or slurry
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| Types of abrasives: chalk | calcium carbonate-teeth, gold, amalgam restorations, plastics
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| Types of abrasives: Pumice | volcanic glass-variety of grits: used in sealant placement: enamel, gold foil, dental amalgam, acrylic denture bases in labs
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| Types of abrasives: sand (quartz) | bonded to paper disks for grinding metals and plastics
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| Types of abrasives: cuttle (quartz) | bonded to paper disks for grinding metals and plastics
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| types of abrasives: garnet | manganese, magnesium, iron, colbalt, aluminum-coated disks for plastics and metal alloys
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| types of abrasives: emery | aka corundum, aluminum oxide-find on arbor bands that attach to a lab lathe for grinding custom trays and acrylic appliances
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| types of abrasives: aluminum oxide | has replaced emery for several uses, disks and strips, rubber wheels and points; adjust enamel finish metal alloys and ceramic materials
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| types of abrasives: silex | quartz -prophy paste-used on teeth in mouth
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| types of abrasives: tin oxide | yucky taste-used for tarnished gold
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| types of abrasives: rouge | iron oxide-polishing agent for gold and noble metal, only used in the lab setting-NOT IN THE MOUTH
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| bonded and coated abrasives used in dentistry: diamond burs | diamond chips bonded to a shaft
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| bonded and coated abrasives used in dentistry: stones | various shapes and sizes
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| bonded and coated abrasives used in dentistry: | rubber wheels or points
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| bonded and coated abrasives used in dentistry: disks or strips | abrasives bonded to pater metal or plastic disks and strips
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| bonded and coated abrasives used in dentistry: powders | used in conjunction with water, alcohol, glycerin, mouthwash, brushes, rubber cups, felt cones or wheels, cloth wheels
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| factors affecting rate of abrasion: hardness | harder abrasive particles=more abrasion: abrasives heat up objects being abrded during use=softens material=increased abrasion
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| factors affecting rate of abrasion: size | larger particles (grit) produce deeper scratches=more abrasion
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| factors affecting rate of abrasion: shape | irregularly shaped particles=more abrasion
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| factors affecting rate of abrasion: pressure | increased pressure=more abrasion
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| factors affecting rate of abrasion:speed | faster=more abrasion
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| factors affecting rate of abrasion: lubrication | water is most used lubricant-paste/slurry
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| why do we polish-reduce adhesions | smooth surface so plaque, stain and calculus won't stick as easily
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| why do we polish- | make surface enamel feel smooth, increase esthetics-shiny
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| why do we polish-reduce corrosion and tarnish | extends lifetime of restorations
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| process of polsihing | when the surface acquires a smooth shiny layer it is considered polished. shiny layer is known as polish: fine scratches are filled in by the finer particulate being removed from the surface-this layer=microcrystalline aka polish layer or Beilby layer
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| rationale for amalgam polishing (we don't do it anymore) | refine anatomy & occlusion, eliminate surface irregularities, eliminate overhangs & undercontoured proximal surfaces-create a smooth shiny surface that is asthetically pleasing
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| contraindications of amalgam polishing | fractures present (in amalgam)-open margins-recurrent decay-less than 24 hrs since plcmt (low copper b/c it must finish setting up)-spherical high copper can be finished in the same apt
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| precautions when amalgam polishing | must maintain centric occlusal contacts(don't alter occlusion): avoid excessive heat-could damage pulp, excess heat brings mercury to the surface of amalgam-WEAKENS RESTORATION AND RELEASES VAPORS
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| determining marginal adequacy | margins of amalgam should be flush with the tooth surface
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| supramarginal restoration w/o overextension | extends straight up
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| supramarginal restoration w/ overextension of amalgam | goes up and over the tooth surface
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| submarginal | below the margin
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| adjusting enamel | use finishing bur to resolve submarginal discrepancy of 0.2mm or less
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| open margin | gap between tooth structure and amalgam
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| overcontoured (or undercarved) | lump in amalagam
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| undercontoured or (overcarved) | too deep, must to it over
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| impregnated rubber points/ cupts system (Shofu) | brownie-greenie-supergreenie
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| margination | process of eliminating submarginal discrepancies
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| what distinguishes the green point and cup from the supergreen? | yellow band on supergreenie
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| when using a bur which way should it be moved | tooth to amalgam
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