A+P 1 ch. 30
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| purpose of the circulatory system | transport O2 and nutrients to the cells and CO@ and waste products away from the cells
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| 4 main parts to the circulatory system | heart;blood vessles;blood;lymphatic system
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| where is the heart located | behind the sternum and between the lungs
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| the heart is about the size of a clenched | fist
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| the heart is divided into a right and left side by a muscular wall called the | septum
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| the heart is further divided into | 4 chambers
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| name the 4 chambers of the heart | right and left atrium; right and left ventricle
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| the right atrium and ventricle are separated by what valve | tricuspid
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| the left atrium and ventricle are separated by what valve | bicuspid
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| the bicuspid valve is more commonly known as the | mitral valve
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| the name of the lining that covers the interior surface of the heart as well as the valves and interior blood vessels | endocardium
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| outer wall of the heart is surrounded by a sac called the | pericardium
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| the pericaridial layer that lines the sac is | parietal
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| the layer that actually covers the heart | visceral
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| there is fluid between the two layers of pericardium to prevent what when the heart beats | friction
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| the first sound that the heart makes is called | lubb or S1
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| the secodn sound the heart makes is called | dubb or S2
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| the sounds of the heart are a result of what closing | valves
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| S1 is best heard over what area of the heart | apex
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| S1 is best heard over what area | second intercostal space on either side of the sternum
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| the heart exerts its greatest pressure during the contraction phase, it is called | systole
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| the period of least pressure when the heart is relaxing is called | diastole
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| the pacemaker of the heart is referring to the | SA node
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| the SA and AV nodes send electrical impulses through the heart to start the wave of | contractions
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| 5 types of blood vessles | arteries,arterioles,cappilaries,veins,venules
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| carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body | arteries
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| carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart | veins
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| the walls of these vessels are thin, one cell structures that allows the passage of molecules into the fluid filled tissue spaces surrounding the cells | capillaries
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| what is the only vein that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart | pulmonary vein
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| what is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs | pulmonary artery
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| deoxygenated blood returns from the body into the | right atrium
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| from the right atrium blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the | right ventricle
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| from the right ventricle blood goes through the pulmonary artery into the | lungs
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| oxygenated blood from the lungs returns via the pulmonary vein into the | left atrium
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| from the left atrium bloods flows through the mitral valve into the | left ventricle
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| left ventricle contracts sends blood out through the aortic semilunar valve into the | aorta
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| the aorta carries the oxygenated blood throughout the | body
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| lymph node becomes tender and swollen in response to infection is called | adenitis
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| organ composed of lymph tissue that lies just beneath the left side of the diaphragm is the | spleen
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| straw colored fluid that makes up half the bloods volume | plasma
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| three protiens that are found in plasma | fibrinogen,serum albumin,serum globulin
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| fibrinogen is needed to help the blood | clot
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| serum albumin helps maintain | blood pressure
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| serum globulin helps form | antibiodies
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| LDL or low density lipoprien is known as the | bad cholesterol
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| HDL or high density lipoprotien is known as the | good cholesterol
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| catheter inserted into the femoral artery to visualize the heart and its vessels | cardiac catheterization
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| tests that uses sound waves to evaluate blood vessles and help diagnose DVT,aneurysms and arterial blockages | doppler ultrasonography
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| test that uses high frequency sound waves to make images of the internal heart structures | echocardiograph
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| most common non invasive test done to identify heart rhythms and detect MI's | EKG
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| type of anemia that is a result of injury or destruction of blood cell formation by the bone marrow | aplastic anemia
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| ballooning out of the wall of an artery often associated with atherosclerosis;arteriosclerosis and hypertension | aneurysm
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| severe chest pain that only lasts a few seconds as a result of a spasm or blockage of coronary arteries | angina
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| what type of aneurysm is detectable by palpating a pulsating mass around the umbilicus | abdominal aortic aneurysm
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| any abnormal changes in the heart rhythm | arrhythmia
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| PVC | premature ventricular contraction
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| PAC | premature atrial contraction
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| PJC | premature junctional contraction
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| inflammation of the peicardium | pericarditis
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| cerebrovascular accident(CVA) also known as | stroke
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| small temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain lasting a few minutes with no residual affects | transient ischemic attack(TIA)
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| most dangerous type of stroke that causes bleeding in the brain resulting in tissue damage | hemorrhagic stroke
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| poor performance of the heart with related congestion of the circulatory system mostly affecting the left ventricle | congestive heart failure(CHF)
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| a disease of the arteries that surround the heart caused by narrowing or a blockage | coronary artery disease(CAD)
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| a condition in which the heart pumps too weakly to supply the body with blood | heart failure
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| foreign matter such as blood, fat or air that enters and circulates in the blood stream | embolism
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| blood pressure consistently over 140/90 | hypertension
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| hypertension that increases over a long period of time is called | benign hypertension
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| rapid, severe increase in blood pressure not easily controlled is considered | malignant hypertension
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| results in thickening of the walls of the ventricles of the heart | hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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| blood pressure that results in reading below the normal range | hypotension
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| hypotension can result from | acute blood loss;heart failure;shock;kidney failure;thyroid disease
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| abnormal sounds made by blood leaking through a heart vavle | mumur
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| localized inflammation of a vein that causes an alteration of the epithelial lining | phlebitis
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| a secondary condition resulting from chronic venous insufficiency where the blood is stagnant | stasis ulcer
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| refers to a leaking valve | stenotic
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| consistently high heart rate | tachycardia
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| consistently low heart rate | bradycardia
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| stainless steel mesh tube used to keep coronary arteries open | stent
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| autosomal recessive inheritated trait that results in sickle shaped RBC's | sickle cell anemia
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| interference with circulation | infarction
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| backflow of blood | regurgitate
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| device used to deliver a strong electrical current to a persons heart | defibrillator
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